Eosinophils and Associated Disorders: From Basic Science to Therapeutic Perspectives

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3836

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: asthma; eosinophils; EGPA; eosinophylic vasculitis; hypereosinophilia; HES; monoclonal antibodies; CRSwNP; type 2 inflammation

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Guest Editor
Department of Sperimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: biologicals; asthma; eosinophilic diseases; Hypersensitivity reactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eosinophils are both circulating and tissue-resident leukocytes, traditionally regarded as damaging effector cells. Recently, eosinophils have been subdivided into different subpopulations with distinct phenotypes and functions, namely, resident and inflammatory eosinophils. A role for resident eosinophils (rEos) in healthy tissue has been described, including the maintenance of the tissue microenvironment during organ development, along with the modulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. The other subtype, inflammatory eosinophils (iEos), has been distinguished based on CD62L of membrane expression and is associated with inflammatory responses in patients with severe asthma and nasal polyps. However, growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils not only in asthma but also in autoimmune diseases and vasculitis as well as in hypereosinophilic syndromes. Their presence in inflammatory tissues is a hallmark of the type 2 inflammatory response. Eosinophils primed by interleukin (IL)-5, IL-3, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and eotaxins can express membrane receptors and adhesion molecules involved in activation and tissue migration. Treatment of eosinophilic diseases has traditionally been through nonspecific eosinophil attenuation via the use of glucocorticoids. However, several novel biologic therapies targeting eosinophil maturation factors, such as IL-5 and IL-5R or IL-4/IL-13R, have recently been approved for clinical use. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight new findings on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of eosinophils in the various pathologies in which they are involved and discuss current and future therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Andrea Matucci
Dr. Alessandra Vultaggio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • regulatory eosinophils
  • inflammatory eosinophils
  • asthma
  • EGPA
  • hypereosinophilic syndrome
  • eosinophils
  • esophagitis
  • interleukin-5
  • type 2 inflammation
  • CRSwNP

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 1050 KiB  
Article
Interleukin 5 Receptor Subunit Alpha Expression as a Potential Biomarker in Patients with Nasal Polyposis
by David Hansoe Heredero-Jung, Sandra Elena-Pérez, Asunción García-Sánchez, Miguel Estravís, María Isidoro-García, Catalina Sanz and Ignacio Dávila
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1966; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071966 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP) affects the quality of life of patients suffering from it. The search for a suitable biomarker has been conducted over the last decades. Interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha (IL-5Rα) involves the activation, maintenance, and survival of eosinophils, [...] Read more.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP) affects the quality of life of patients suffering from it. The search for a suitable biomarker has been conducted over the last decades. Interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha (IL-5Rα) involves the activation, maintenance, and survival of eosinophils, which are highly tied to chronic inflammatory processes of the airways, like asthma or CRSwNP. In this study, we evaluate the utility of IL5RA as a genetic biomarker in CRSwNP. IL5RA mRNA expression level was analyzed in different groups of patients by performing qPCR assays. A significant increase in IL5RA expression was observed in CRSwNP patients, especially those with asthma and atopy. We found differences in expression levels when comparing groups with or without polyposis or asthma, as well as some atypical cases related to eosinophil levels. That opens a path to future studies to further characterize groups of patients with common features in the context of pharmacogenetics and in an era towards developing a more precise personalized treatment with IL-5Rα as a therapeutic target for CRSwNP. Full article
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14 pages, 1463 KiB  
Review
Does Eosinophil Heterogeneity Translate into Functional Diversity? A Review of the Evolving Paradigm of Eosinophil Heterogeneity in Asthma
by Gabriella E. Wilson, Samir Gautam and Geoffrey L. Chupp
Biomedicines 2024, 12(9), 2011; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12092011 - 3 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1255
Abstract
This review provides an overview of evidence supporting the existence of distinct homeostatic and inflammatory eosinophil subpopulations in health and disease. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the phenotypic and functional roles of these eosinophil subtypes in asthma, as well as the phenotypic [...] Read more.
This review provides an overview of evidence supporting the existence of distinct homeostatic and inflammatory eosinophil subpopulations in health and disease. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the phenotypic and functional roles of these eosinophil subtypes in asthma, as well as the phenotypic changes induced by clinical therapy with the anti-IL-5 biologic agent, mepolizumab. Improved understanding of distinct eosinophil phenotypes may enable targeting of select subpopulations in the treatment of patients with type 2 inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Full article
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