Advancements in Medical Imaging Technology

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 2375

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
Interests: biosignal processing; bioimaging; AI-assisted disease classification; laryngeal dynamics and physiology; biomedical visualization; brain-computer Interface
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue provides a platform for researchers to present their latest breakthroughs and discoveries in diagnostic medical imaging. Ongoing progress in hardware innovation and image reconstruction techniques, alongside post-processing methods integrating computer-aided diagnosis and cutting-edge deep learning technologies, offer significant potential to transform various aspects of healthcare. These advancements hold promise in improving disease prognosis, refining diagnostic accuracy and enabling personalized treatment strategies, ultimately revolutionizing patient care.

This issue will comprehensively cover a diverse array of topics related to diagnostic imaging modalities, encompassing CT, high-field and low-field MRI, ultrasonography and other imaging techniques commonly employed in disease diagnosis and prognosis. We encourage contributions from a wide spectrum of professionals, including engineers, medical practitioners and interdisciplinary teams possessing combined expertise in medicine and biomedical engineering. By fostering collaborations and knowledge exchange, our ultimate goal is to advance the field of medical imaging, driving innovation and improving patient outcomes on a global scale.

Prof. Dr. Yuling Yan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diagnostic imaging
  • image reconstruction and analysis
  • computer-aided diagnosis
  • deep learning

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 693 KiB  
Article
Haralick Texture Analysis for Differentiating Suspicious Prostate Lesions from Normal Tissue in Low-Field MRI
by Dang Bich Thuy Le, Ram Narayanan, Meredith Sadinski, Aleksandar Nacev, Yuling Yan and Srirama S. Venkataraman
Bioengineering 2025, 12(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12010047 - 9 Jan 2025
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Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of using Haralick texture analysis on low-field, T2-weighted MRI images for detecting prostate cancer, extending current research from high-field MRI to the more accessible and cost-effective low-field MRI. A total of twenty-one patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (Gleason [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the feasibility of using Haralick texture analysis on low-field, T2-weighted MRI images for detecting prostate cancer, extending current research from high-field MRI to the more accessible and cost-effective low-field MRI. A total of twenty-one patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (Gleason score 4+3 or higher) were included. Before transperineal biopsy guided by low-field (58–74mT) MRI, a radiologist annotated suspicious regions of interest (ROIs) on high-field (3T) MRI. Rigid image registration was performed to align corresponding regions on both high- and low-field images, ensuring an accurate propagation of annotations to the co-registered low-field images for texture feature calculations. For each cancerous ROI, a matching ROI of identical size was drawn in a non-suspicious region presumed to be normal tissue. Four Haralick texture features (Energy, Correlation, Contrast, and Homogeneity) were extracted and compared between cancerous and non-suspicious ROIs. Two extraction methods were used: the direct computation of texture measures within the ROIs and a sliding window technique generating texture maps across the prostate from which average values were derived. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences in texture features between cancerous and non-suspicious regions. Specifically, Energy and Homogeneity were elevated (p-values: <0.00001–0.004), while Contrast and Correlation were reduced (p-values: <0.00001–0.03) in cancerous ROIs. These findings suggest that Haralick texture features are both feasible and informative for differentiating abnormalities, offering promise in assisting prostate cancer detection on low-field MRI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Medical Imaging Technology)
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13 pages, 5448 KiB  
Article
Skull Impact on Photoacoustic Imaging of Multi-Layered Brain Tissues with Embedded Blood Vessel Under Different Optical Source Types: Modeling and Simulation
by Xi Yang, Chengpeng Chai, Yun-Hsuan Chen and Mohamad Sawan
Bioengineering 2025, 12(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12010040 - 7 Jan 2025
Viewed by 422
Abstract
Skulls with high optical scattering and acoustic attenuation are a great challenge for photoacoustic imaging for human beings. To explore and improve photoacoustic generation and propagation, we conducted the photoacoustic simulation and image reconstruction of the multi-layer brain model with an embedded blood [...] Read more.
Skulls with high optical scattering and acoustic attenuation are a great challenge for photoacoustic imaging for human beings. To explore and improve photoacoustic generation and propagation, we conducted the photoacoustic simulation and image reconstruction of the multi-layer brain model with an embedded blood vessel under different optical source types. Based on the optical simulation results under different types of optical sources, we explored the characteristics of reconstructed images obtained from acoustic simulations with and without skull conditions. Specifically, we focused on the detection of blood vessels and evaluated the image reconstruction features, morphological characteristics, and intensity of variations in the target vessels using optical and acoustic simulations. The results showed that under the initial PA signals, the types of optical source types corresponding to the strongest and weakest photoacoustic signals at different positions within the target region were consistent, while the optical source types were different in the reconstructed images. This study revealed the characteristics of acoustic signal transmission with and without skull conditions and its impact on image reconstruction. It further provides a theoretical basis for the selection of optical sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Medical Imaging Technology)
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11 pages, 2682 KiB  
Article
Visualization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow and Egress along the Nerve Roots of the Lumbar Spine
by Diana Vucevic, Vadim Malis, Won C. Bae, Hideki Ota, Koichi Oshio, Marin A. McDonald and Mitsue Miyazaki
Bioengineering 2024, 11(7), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11070708 - 12 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1159
Abstract
Intrinsic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the brain have been extensively studied, particularly the egress sites of tagged intrinsic CSF in the meninges. Although spinal CSF recirculates within the central nervous system (CNS), we hypothesized that CSF outflows from the lumbar spinal canal. [...] Read more.
Intrinsic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the brain have been extensively studied, particularly the egress sites of tagged intrinsic CSF in the meninges. Although spinal CSF recirculates within the central nervous system (CNS), we hypothesized that CSF outflows from the lumbar spinal canal. We aimed to visualize and semi-quantify the outflow using non-contrast MRI techniques. We utilized a 3 Tesla clinical MRI with a 16-channel spine coil, employing time–spatial labeling inversion (Time-SLIP) with tag-on and tag-off acquisitions, T2-weighted coronal 2D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted coronal 3D centric ky-kz single-shot FSE (cSSFSE). Images were acquired using time–spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) with tag-on and tag-off acquisitions with varying TI periods. Ten healthy volunteers with no known spinal diseases participated. Variations in tagged CSF outflow were observed across different thoracolumbar nerve root segments in all participants. We quantified CSF outflow at all lumbar levels and the psoas region. There was no significant difference among the ROIs for signal intensity. The tagged CSF outflow from the spinal canal is small but demonstrates egress to surrounding tissues. This finding may pave the way for exploring intrathecal drug delivery, understanding of CSF-related pathologies and its potential as a biomarker for peripheral neuropathy and radiculopathy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Medical Imaging Technology)
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