Parental and Infant Mental Health in the NICU Settings and Post-Discharge

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Psychiatric, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2027 | Viewed by 1574

Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences—Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Interests: clinical psychiatry; maternal and infant mental health

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences—Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Interests: child and adolescent psychiatry; psychiatry; forensic psychiatry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

About 10% of live births annually result in an admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Admission to the NICU is a psychologically and physically distressing event for infants and parents, increasing their vulnerability to a multitude of adverse outcomes. NICU parents suffer from higher rates of acute and chronic mental health issues. Similarly, NICU infants grow up to have higher rates of psychological, cognitive, and developmental problems. In turn, NICU parents and infants, at least in the short term, might struggle to establish an optimal bond. Research exploring the vulnerability and resilience factors in NICU parent and infant mental health is of critical importance. Moreover, finding the best ways to support and optimize NICU parent and infant mental health is pivotal. We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue on Parental and Infant Mental Health in the NICU to bring awareness to your research in this area and to foster further improvements in identification, assessment, and treatment options for mental health problems faced by this vulnerable group of parents and infants. 

With this Special Issue, we aim to expand the knowledge of NICU parents and infants' psychological distress, long-term outcomes, best practices for screening and assessment, and treatment for improving outcomes further and overcoming barriers faced due to NICU admission or medical vulnerability. 

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Maternal/paternal/parental mental health during the NICU admission and following discharge, including long-term trajectories; 
  • Infant mental health and developmental challenges/outcomes during the NICU admission and following discharge, including long-term trajectories; 
  • Parent–infant relational challenges, disturbances, trajectories, and interventions;
  • Developmental care interventions that can promote NICU infant and parent well-being;
  • Identification of vulnerability factors in NICU parents and infants that lead to higher probability of adverse outcomes and necessitate early identification/intervention;
  • Identification of resiliency factors in NICU parents and infants and ways to promote resilience in this population; 
  • Collaborative models of care during the NICU admission and post-discharge;
  • Novel models of training the neonatology team in trauma-informed care in the NICU and beyond;
  • Preparing families for the discharge transition. 

Dr. Soudabeh Givrad
Prof. Dr. Richard J. Shaw
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • NICU infant mental health
  • NICU maternal mental health
  • NICU paternal mental health
  • NICU parent-infant attachment
  • NICU family mental health
  • NICU mental health outcomes
  • NICU mental health interventions

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 236 KB  
Article
“NICU Doesn’t Stop in the NICU”: Maternal Perspectives of the Impact of a NICU Experience over Time
by Celeste Poe, Leia Bonifacio, Aidan Gabriel, Natalie Jacobson, Kelli Kelley, Keira Sorrells and Richard Shaw
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16050760 - 13 May 2026
Viewed by 324
Abstract
Background: Despite the growing literature demonstrating the psychological impact of a NICU admission on parents, the longer-term adjustment to a NICU experience following an infant’s discharge is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the NICU experience and the psychosocial trajectories of NICU [...] Read more.
Background: Despite the growing literature demonstrating the psychological impact of a NICU admission on parents, the longer-term adjustment to a NICU experience following an infant’s discharge is largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the NICU experience and the psychosocial trajectories of NICU graduate families after discharge. Methods: Using a qualitative design, a select group of mothers participated in qualitative interviews after completion of a quantitative survey. Interviews were completed online over a secure video platform. Participants (n = 21) included three groups of mothers of NICU graduates aged 2–24. Interviews ranged from 45 to 90 min, depending on the number of NICU children. The NICU care experience was explored as well as the impact of the NICU experience on parental coping, relationships, overprotective parenting, and post-traumatic growth. Results: Participants reflected on their NICU care experience and offered concrete suggestions for improvements in care. Short-term symptoms of psychological distress immediately following the NICU admission were described; however, psychological adjustment and parenting issues resulting from a NICU experience appeared to be long-term. Common themes included: (a) Effect on the Family, (b) Grief and Loss, (c) Post-Traumatic Growth, and (d) Goals for Intervention. Conclusions: These findings expand our understanding of the complexity of the NICU family experience, demonstrate the prolonged effects of a NICU admission on the family over time, and offer areas for improvement in care across the continuum. Full article

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16 pages, 430 KB  
Brief Report
Implementing Outpatient Therapeutic Playgroups for NICU Families: A Quality Improvement Project
by Mariana C. Aokalani, Katherine L. Wisner, Nickie N. Andescavage, Catherine Limperopoulos and Barbara K. Stuart
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(4), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16040600 - 17 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Therapeutic playgroups have shown promise in enhancing caregiver–infant mental health outcomes, yet tailored approaches for families following neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission remain limited. In this brief report on Quality Improvement, we evaluate key strategies and challenges in implementing an adapted therapeutic [...] Read more.
Therapeutic playgroups have shown promise in enhancing caregiver–infant mental health outcomes, yet tailored approaches for families following neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission remain limited. In this brief report on Quality Improvement, we evaluate key strategies and challenges in implementing an adapted therapeutic playgroup intervention designed for caregivers and infants with a history of NICU hospitalization at University of California, San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco (UCSF) Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG) We conducted semi-structured interviews with NICU psychologists to assess local feasibility, barriers, and facilitators to implementation. Implementation science frameworks—the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Proctor et al.’s implementation outcomes framework (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, and sustainability)—were used to guide data organization and interpretation. Qualitative reporting guidelines were followed to enhance transparency in describing interviews and analytic procedures. The psychologists emphasized the importance of embedding therapeutic playgroups within existing clinical workflows, providing flexible delivery models, and customizing curricula to meet cultural and family-specific needs. Multidisciplinary collaboration enhanced feasibility and parent engagement. Barriers included organizational constraints and variability in caregiver readiness. These findings inform local program development and highlight considerations for integrating dyadic mental health support into post-NICU care. Future work should incorporate caregiver perspectives and explore effective interventions across diverse settings. Full article
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