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Atmosphere
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Evapotranspiration and Climate Change
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Evapotranspiration and Climate Change

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2021) | Viewed by 7005

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gabriele Antolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ARPAE Emilia Romagna, 40122 Bologna, Italy
Interests: agrometeorology; meteorology; climatology
Dr. Emma Gaitán Fernández

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fundación para la Investigación del Clima, 28013 Madrid, Spain
Interests: climate change; meteorology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonio Volta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ARPAE Emilia Romagna, 40122 Bologna, Italy
Interests: agriculture; physics; soil physics; polymer physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evapotranspiration (ET) determines water and energy exchanges in the land-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. ET represents a key variable in several water balance models and decision support systems, which are used to evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources and agriculture. Understanding its role and quantifying it both at adequate spatial and temporal scales is crucial for climate change studies and for applied research and planning of water resources.

Phisically based formulations (e.g. Penman-Monteith equation) are strongly recommended to compute reference evapotranspiration (ET0). Anyway, due to unavailability of input data, simplified formulations are often used, that could lead to strong biased evaluations. ET0 is expected to increase in a warming climate, but uncertainties on the (especially future) variations of solar radiation flux, air humidity and wind, lead to uncertainties in both magnitude and sign of ET0 : for example, atmospheric composition variations in the last decades (dimming and brightening) strongly influenced the incoming solar radiation at the Earth surface. On the other hand, radiative, energy and water surface balances are strongly coupled, and several feedbacks between processes (both positive and negative) exist which are difficult to predict. Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is shown to have decreased in the last decades, leading to the so-called “pan evaporation  paradox”, with potential and actual terms respectively increasing and decreasing. Furthermore, other non meteorological factors (e.g. CO2 concentration) influence plant stomatal conductance, making future evapotranspiration scenarios even more difficult to predict.

We invite you to consider submitting your research for publication in this special issue of Atmosphere on “Evapotranspiration and climate change”, focusing on evaluation of (potential and actual) evapotranspiration past and future trends, across different spatial and temporal scales.

 

Dr. Gabriele Antolini
Dr. Antonio Volta
Dr. Emma Gaitán Fernández
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • evapotranspiration
  • energy surface balance
  • climate change
  • water cycle

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3578 KiB  
Article
Evapotranspiration of Irrigated Crops under Warming and Elevated Atmospheric CO2: What Is the Direction of Change?
by Fabio V. Scarpare, Kirti Rajagopalan, Mingliang Liu, Roger L. Nelson and Claudio O. Stöckle
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020163 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3167
Abstract
Future changes in crop evapotranspiration (ETc) are of interest to water management stakeholders. However, long-term projections are complex and merit further investigation due to uncertainties in climate data, differential responses of crops to climate and elevated atmospheric CO2, and adaptive agricultural [...] Read more.
Future changes in crop evapotranspiration (ETc) are of interest to water management stakeholders. However, long-term projections are complex and merit further investigation due to uncertainties in climate data, differential responses of crops to climate and elevated atmospheric CO2, and adaptive agricultural management. We conducted factor-control simulation experiments using the process-based CropSyst model and investigated the contribution of each of these factors. Five major irrigated crops in the Columbia Basin Project area of the USA Pacific Northwest were selected as a case study and fifteen general circulation models (GCM) under two representative concentration pathways (RCP) were used as the climate forcing. Results indicated a wide range in ETc change, depending on the time frame, crop type, planting dates, and CO2 assumptions. Under the 2090s RCP8.5 scenario, ETc changes were crop-specific: +14.3% (alfalfa), +8.1% (potato), −5.1% (dry bean), −8.1% (corn), and −12.5% (spring wheat). Future elevated CO2 concentrations decreased ETc for all crops while earlier planting increased ETc for all crops except spring wheat. Changes in reference ET (ETo) only partially explains changes in ETc because crop responses are an important modulating factor; therefore, caution must be exercised in interpreting ETo changes as a proxy for ETc changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evapotranspiration and Climate Change)
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21 pages, 4068 KiB  
Article
Statistical Modeling to Predict Climate Change Effects on Watershed Scale Evapotranspiration
by Rajendra Khanal, Sulochan Dhungel, Simon C. Brewer and Michael E. Barber
Atmosphere 2021, 12(12), 1565; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121565 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2669
Abstract
Estimation of satellite-based remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) as consumptive use has been an integral part of agricultural water management. However, less attention has been given to future predictions of ET at watershed-scales especially since with a changing climate, there are additional challenges to [...] Read more.
Estimation of satellite-based remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) as consumptive use has been an integral part of agricultural water management. However, less attention has been given to future predictions of ET at watershed-scales especially since with a changing climate, there are additional challenges to planning and management of water resources. In this paper, we used nine years of total seasonal ET derived using a satellite-based remote sensing model, Mapping Evapotranspiration at Internalized Calibration (METRIC), to develop a Random Forest machine learning model to predict watershed-scale ET into the future. This statistical model used topographic and climate variables in agricultural areas of Lower Yakima, Washington and had a prediction accuracy of 88% for the region. This model was then used to predict ET into the future with changed climatic conditions under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios expected by 2050s. The model result shows increases in seasonal ET across some areas of the watershed while decreases in other areas. On average, growing seasonal ET across the watershed was estimated to increase by +5.69% under the low emission scenario (RCP4.5) and +6.95% under the high emission scenario (RCP8.5). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evapotranspiration and Climate Change)
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