Indoor Air Quality in the Built Environment: Characterization, Dynamics, and Control Strategies

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 409

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
GSI Environmental, Inc., Lakewood, CO, USA
Interests: indoor air quality; subsurface vapor intrusion; indoor environment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has become an increasingly important area of research as people spend most of their lives in indoor built environments, including residences, workplaces, schools, and community spaces, where chemical concentrations often exceed those found in outdoor (ambient) air. IAQ is influenced by a complex mix of sources, including emissions from building materials, consumer products, and occupant activities and behavior, as well as the infiltration of outdoor air and subsurface vapor (i.e., vapor intrusion). Energy efficiency practices and modern building designs, while critical for sustainability, have also resulted in more airtight building envelopes that may amplify indoor air concentrations.

This Special Issue invites contributions focused on the characterization, dynamics, and control of indoor air quality within the built environment. Topics of interest include source identification and characterization, transport and fate of particulate and gas-phase contaminants, and emerging methods for IAQ monitoring and modeling.

Dr. Chase Holton
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • indoor air quality
  • indoor built environment
  • vapor intrusion
  • indoor air concentrations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 9650 KB  
Article
Thermal Effects of Injection Molding Machines in Cleanrooms
by Stephan Puntigam, Stefan Radl and Peter Karlinger
Atmosphere 2026, 17(5), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17050518 - 19 May 2026
Abstract
Plastic injection molding in cleanrooms involves high thermal loads and strict particle limits. The hot surfaces of the injection molding machine and peripherals increase the cooling demand of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system to an undefined amount. Moreover, the generation of [...] Read more.
Plastic injection molding in cleanrooms involves high thermal loads and strict particle limits. The hot surfaces of the injection molding machine and peripherals increase the cooling demand of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system to an undefined amount. Moreover, the generation of buoyancy-driven plumes has the potential to disturb the cleanroom airflow around the injection mold, thereby risking cross contamination of the manufactured components. The present study quantifies the global heat load of injection molding machines in an ISO Class 7 cleanroom with a laminar flow microenvironment around the mold. Therefore, a measurement-based method to determine the heat load of a complete injection molding production cell is applied to a hydraulic and an electric machine. This method revealed that the heat load of the isolated machines is process-independent, whereas the total heat load of the complete production cell scales linearly with mold temperature. Moreover, the emitted heat to the cleanroom is considerable lower than the injection molding machine’s installed power. Secondly, the airflow regime and particle transport in the mold area are analyzed. This is achieved by means of schlieren visualization and aerosol measurements. The introduction of a modified Archimedes number, incorporating mold size and convective heat flux, has led to the observation of a correlation between flow regimes and the resulting particle load. This enables the selection of case-dependent FFU velocities that deviate from the conventional recommendation of an air speed of 0.45 m/s ± 20%. Despite the presence of a filter-fan unit, the particle load near the injection mold cavity increases for flow conditions that exceed a critical Archimedes number. Full article
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