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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Weather Conditions Triggering Floods
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Weather Conditions Triggering Floods

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 8011

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Panagiotis Nastos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 15784 Athens, Greece
Interests: climate variability and climate change; human biometeorology; climate and weather extremes; hydrometeorological phenomena; atmospheric circulation patterns; environmental impacts on health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elissavet G. Feloni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
2. Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784 Athens, Greece
Interests: climatology; hydrology; hydrometeorology; climate change; floods; GIS; water resources management; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Floods are the most frequent type of natural disasters and occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. Extreme flood events are often associated with severe weather conditions; heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt and storm surge from a tropical cyclone. Looking forward, in combination with the increased urbanization and the alterations we make to land, flood events are projected to increase in frequency and intensity, as the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation is also expected to continue to increase due to climate change. The impact triggered by the aforementioned causes concerns the loss of life, damages to personal property and critical public health infrastructure, and destruction of crops and livestock. Thus, it is clear that as floods are among the costliest climate-related disasters, it is very important to document the weather conditions that have triggered such events, as this information can provide guidance for warning systems and planning for emergency response in similar situations. Furthermore, it is the only way to compare, on the one hand, various similar flood-triggering storms at catchments appearing with different hydrological and morphological characteristics, and, on the other hand, different types of storms from a hydrometeorological viewpoint that occurred in a specific region. Towards this objective, this Special Issue aims to compile state-of-the-art work from researchers who focus, but not exclusively so, on the study of extreme storm-caused floods and, in particular, this Special Issue welcomes theoretical and experimental research articles on the following topics, although progress reports on relevant research issues are also acceptable:

- Rainstorm tracking using remote sensing techniques
- The synoptic associated situation responsible for the flash-flood occurrence
- The rainfall/meteorological context of severe weather conditions resulting in flooding
- Analysis of flash flood-triggering rainfall including or not rainfall-runoff modelling
- Case studies regarding hydrometeorological forecasts of specific flash flood events with emphasis to the use of radar rainfall estimates and NWP models
- Urban environment and extreme hydrological phenomena
- Seasonal characteristics of flood regimes (e.g., via using seasonality indices and atmospheric circulation patterns)
- Comparison of the interannual variability of heavy floods characteristics on a seasonal basis
- Long-term study on the characteristics of the extreme rainfall event and consequent flash floods
- Trends in urban floods of recent years and link to climate conditions

Prof. Dr. Panagiotis Nastos
Dr. Elissavet G. Feloni 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Severe weather and flooding
  • Hydrometeorology of floods
  • Heavy rainfall and flash floods
  • Flood modelling using different rainfall inputs
  • Early warning systems
  • Urban environment and floods

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5476 KiB  
Article
Critical Rainfall Thresholds as a Tool for Urban Flood Identification in Attica Region, Greece
by Christina Georganta, Elissavet Feloni, Panagiotis Nastos and Evangelos Baltas
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050698 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1723
Abstract
Rainfall intensity–duration thresholds are commonly used to assess flood potential in both urban and rural environments. Derivation of these thresholds is one of the approaches commonly used for the development of flash flood warning systems that are mainly based on rainfall predictions. This [...] Read more.
Rainfall intensity–duration thresholds are commonly used to assess flood potential in both urban and rural environments. Derivation of these thresholds is one of the approaches commonly used for the development of flash flood warning systems that are mainly based on rainfall predictions. This research work presents a detailed analysis on these threshold estimations, implemented for the Attica region, Greece, as prior work in parts of the study area is limited and previous estimations regarding rainfall intensity–duration thresholds are based on a short period of available data. The analysis considers a large number of stations and takes into account all flood events occurred during the period between 2005 and 2017 in order to define two maximum intensity limits for various durations that denote three areas; conditions of flood occurrence, mixed conditions, and conditions linked to solely flood occurrence, respectively. Finally, limitations regarding the determination of specific spatiotemporal thresholds as observed through this analysis are also discussed. The application of this methodology as a tool to assess flood occurrence may contribute to minimize possible situations of pre-crisis or immediate crisis by reducing the flood consequences and the resources involved in emergency response to flood events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weather Conditions Triggering Floods)
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19 pages, 9147 KiB  
Article
Extreme Rainfall Simulations with Changing Resolution of Orography Based on the Yin-He Global Spectrum Model: A Case Study of the Zhengzhou 20·7 Extreme Rainfall Event
by Yingjie Wang, Jianping Wu, Jun Peng, Xiangrong Yang and Dazheng Liu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(4), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040600 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1662
Abstract
In recent years, the study of numerical weather prediction (NWP) in complex orographic areas has attracted a great deal of attention. Complex orography plays an important role in the occurrence and development of extreme rainfall events. In this study, the Yin–He Global Spectrum [...] Read more.
In recent years, the study of numerical weather prediction (NWP) in complex orographic areas has attracted a great deal of attention. Complex orography plays an important role in the occurrence and development of extreme rainfall events. In this study, the Yin–He Global Spectrum Model (YHGSM) was used, and the wave number truncation method was employed to decompose the orographic data to different resolutions. The obtained orographic data with different resolutions were used to simulate the extreme rainfall in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, to discuss the degree of influence and mechanism of the different orographic resolutions on the extreme rainfall. The results show that the simulation results of the YHGSM with high-resolution orography are better than those of the low-resolution orography in terms of the rainfall intensity and range. When the rainfall intensity is higher, the results of the low-resolution orography simulated the rainfall range of big heavy rainfall better. The orography mainly affected the rainfall by affecting the velocity of the updraft, but it had a limited influence on the maximum height that the updraft could reach. A strong updraft is one of the key factors leading to extreme rainfall in Henan Province. When the orographic resolution changes, the sensitivity of the vertical velocity of the updraft to the orographic resolution is the greatest, the sensitivity of the upper-air divergence and low-level vorticity to the orographic resolution is lower than that of the vertical velocity. In conclusion, the high-resolution orography is helpful in improving the model’s prediction of extreme rainfall, and when predicting extreme rainfall in complex orographic areas, forecasters may need to artificially increase rainfall based on model results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weather Conditions Triggering Floods)
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18 pages, 12545 KiB  
Article
Performance Evaluation of IMERG GPM Products during Tropical Storm Imelda
by Salman Sakib, Dawit Ghebreyesus and Hatim O. Sharif
Atmosphere 2021, 12(6), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060687 - 27 May 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
Tropical Storm Imelda struck the southeast coastal regions of Texas from 17–19 September, 2019, and delivered precipitation above 500 mm over about 6000 km2. The performance of the three IMERG (Early-, Late-, and Final-run) GPM satellite-based precipitation products was evaluated against [...] Read more.
Tropical Storm Imelda struck the southeast coastal regions of Texas from 17–19 September, 2019, and delivered precipitation above 500 mm over about 6000 km2. The performance of the three IMERG (Early-, Late-, and Final-run) GPM satellite-based precipitation products was evaluated against Stage-IV radar precipitation estimates. Basic and probabilistic statistical metrics, such as CC, RSME, RBIAS, POD, FAR, CSI, and PSS were employed to assess the performance of the IMERG products. The products captured the event adequately, with a fairly high POD value of 0.9. The best product (Early-run) showed an average correlation coefficient of 0.60. The algorithm used to produce the Final-run improved the quality of the data by removing systematic errors that occurred in the near-real-time products. Less than 5 mm RMSE error was experienced in over three-quarters (ranging from 73% to 76%) of the area by all three IMERG products in estimating the Tropical Storm Imelda. The Early-run product showed a much better RBIAS relatively to the Final-run product. The overall performance was poor, as areas with an acceptable range of RBIAS (i.e., between −10% and 10%) in all the three IMERG products were only 16% to 17% of the total area. Overall, the Early-run product was found to be better than Late- and Final-run. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weather Conditions Triggering Floods)
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