Climate Extremes in Europe: Causes, Impact, and Solutions

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 1946

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Meteorological Administration, Bacău Regional Forecast Centre, Timpului Street, No. 3, 600234 Bacău, Romania
Interests: atmosphere; environmental science; remote sensing; aerosols; air quality

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Meteorological Administration, Bacău Regional Forecast Centre, Timpului Street, No. 3, 600234 Bacău, Romania
Interests: aerosols; air quality; atmosphere; clouds; environmental science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to contribute your scientific work to this Special Issue of Atmosphere, entitled “Climate Extremes in Europe: Causes, Impact, and Solutions”.

According to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) [https://climate.copernicus.eu/], Europe is experiencing increased extreme weather events due to climate change, with a record persistence of heat waves, severe droughts, intense storms, and heavy rainfall. The summer of 2024 was the warmest on record, with southeastern Europe experiencing unprecedented heat stress for 66 days. Mediterranean Sea temperatures also reached record highs. While some regions saw fewer rainy days, others, like northern UK and Fennoscandia, experienced above-average precipitation. Additionally, 35% of European rivers were at exceptionally low levels, especially in the southeast.

Recordings from recent years indicate a clear warming trend. The summer of 2022 surpassed previous records, while the 2003 heatwave remains one of the deadliest, causing thousands of deaths and widespread wildfires. In accordance with C3S and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), droughts have reduced water availability, damaged agriculture, and increased wildfire risks, particularly in southern Europe [https://www.ipcc.ch/]. Conversely, extreme rainfall, like the 2024 floods in Germany, has led to catastrophic damage, according to the Flood List [https://floodlist.com/].

These changes are driven by rising greenhouse gas concentrations. In response, Europe has intensified its climate policies, such as the European Green Deal, promoting renewable energy and improving climate resilience infrastructure. Without urgent and coordinated action, extreme weather events will continue to escalate, posing significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and economies.

Dr. Adrian Timofte
Dr. Diana Bostan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • extreme weather
  • heat waves
  • severe droughts
  • wildfires
  • intense storms
  • flooding

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

28 pages, 19929 KB  
Article
Urban Heat Hotspots in Tarragona: LCZ-Based Remote Sensing Assessment During Heatwaves
by Caterina Cimolai and Enric Aguilar
Atmosphere 2025, 16(11), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16111283 - 11 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1242
Abstract
Heatwaves are intensifying across Mediterranean cities, where the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect amplifies thermal stress. This study updates the spatial characterization of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) in Tarragona using multi-sensor remote sensing data within a Local Climate Zone (LCZ) framework. [...] Read more.
Heatwaves are intensifying across Mediterranean cities, where the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect amplifies thermal stress. This study updates the spatial characterization of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) in Tarragona using multi-sensor remote sensing data within a Local Climate Zone (LCZ) framework. Land surface temperature, albedo, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were analyzed during heatwaves from 2015–2025 to assess spatial patterns and drivers of urban heating. Results reveal a daytime urban cool island associated with low albedo and scarce vegetation, and a nocturnal SUHI caused by heat retention in dense built-up areas. High-resolution mapping identifies industrial and commercial zones as hotspots, while vegetated and water-covered areas act as cooling sites. These findings clarify the spatial dynamics and key biophysical controls of SUHI and provide an actionable basis for prioritizing locally tailored adaptation strategies in Mediterranean coastal cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Extremes in Europe: Causes, Impact, and Solutions)
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