Cycles and Transformations of Mercury in the Atmosphere and Ecosystems

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 May 2025 | Viewed by 1224

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Largo Tonolli 50, I-28922 Verbania Pallanza, VB, Italy
Interests: biogeochemical cycle of mercury; biomarkers; marine biology; metals; biogeochemistry
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Guest Editor
National Research Council, Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, I-20861 Brugherio, Italy
Interests: freshwater ecology; trace elements; environmental risk assessment; ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Interests: atmospheric deposition; atmospheric mercury; atmospheric aerosols; environmental pollution; heavy metals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anthropogenic activities have significantly increased the emission of mercury (Hg) into the environment, disrupting its natural cycles. Understanding the cycles and transformations of mercury, particularly its interactions with the atmosphere, is crucial for developing effective mitigation and risk management strategies. Mercury transformation processes influence its toxicity and mobility across different compartments, including air, water, and soil.

In the atmosphere, mercury can travel long distances before being deposited into water bodies and soils, where it undergoes further transformations. In water, mercury converts to toxic methylmercury, which bioaccumulates in food chains. In soil and sediments, it binds to organic matter or undergoes transformations via microbial activity, affecting its transport and re-emission into the atmosphere. Ongoing research is essential to monitor these transformation processes and exposure pathways to protect ecosystems and public health.

The Minamata Convention on Mercury emphasizes the importance of controlling and reducing mercury emissions and releases through international cooperation and better policy implementation to mitigate its adverse effects on human health and ecosystems.

We invite all interested researchers to submit original research articles and review articles that will advance our understanding of mercury cycles.

Contributions are particularly welcome in the following areas:

  • Research on atmospheric mercury, including its sources, transport, and deposition patterns.
  • Studies on the chemical transformations of mercury in the atmosphere and their impact on global mercury cycling.
  • Development and application of atmospheric models to predict mercury dispersion and deposition.
  • Field measurements and monitoring of atmospheric mercury concentrations and fluxes.
  • Future projections of mercury transformations and their potential impacts on global and regional scales.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies and development of innovative approaches to reduce mercury pollution.
  • Studies on the influence of socioeconomic factors on mercury pollution and exposure risks.
  • Risk assessment of mercury exposure on human health.

We look forward to your valuable contributions.

Dr. Laura Fantozzi
Dr. Laura Marziali
Dr. Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • atmospheric mercury
  • mercury emissions
  • mercury transformations
  • methylmercury bioaccumulation
  • mercury effects on ecosystems and human health
  • risk assessment
  • mercury management strategies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 2533 KiB  
Article
Revealing Vertical Distribution of Atmospheric Mercury Using Drone-Based Monitoring Technique: A Case Study in Vietnam
by Duc Thanh Nguyen, Kiet Le Nguyen Tan, Hien Bich Vo, Pham Thi Dieu Huong, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Le Quoc Hau and Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
Atmosphere 2025, 16(4), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040450 - 13 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as effective tools for monitoring air pollution across varying altitudes, including assessing atmospheric mercury (Hg) levels. However, studies on the vertical distribution of atmospheric Hg (i.e., total gaseous mercury–TGM) concentrations remain limited, particularly in Southeast Asia. This [...] Read more.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as effective tools for monitoring air pollution across varying altitudes, including assessing atmospheric mercury (Hg) levels. However, studies on the vertical distribution of atmospheric Hg (i.e., total gaseous mercury–TGM) concentrations remain limited, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study utilized a UAV equipped with a TGM sampling device to measure concentrations at different altitudes in Ben Cat City, an industrial area in Southern Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of UAV in investigating the altitudinal distribution of TGM and to analyze specific case studies related to Hg emissions from stack. A total of 36 flight experiments were conducted (including 36 concurrently ground level measurements), including 50 m (20 flights), 200 m (7 flights), and 500 m (9 flights). TGM concentrations increase noticeably with altitude under stack emission conditions, while they remain relatively consistent at all altitudes during non-emission conditions. Under the emission conditions, three vertical distribution patterns were observed: (1) elevated TGM concentrations at higher altitudes compared to ground level; (2) lower TGM concentrations at higher altitudes relative to ground level; and (3) nearly equivalent TGM concentrations between ground level and higher altitudes, with differences less than 0.4 ng m−3. The observed distributions imply the important role of atmospheric dynamics in understanding the dispersion of pollutants and the impact of emissions. This study pioneers the use of UAVs in Vietnam for simultaneous TGM measurements across altitudes, highlights their potential for atmospheric Hg monitoring, and improves stack emission management. Full article
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