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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Green Solvents
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Green Solvents

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 January 2022) | Viewed by 19282

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Laura Lomba Eraso

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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A23 km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: toxicology; pharmacokinetic; drug formulation; green solvents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Beatriz Giner Parache

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A23 km 299, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: toxicology; green chemistry; drug formulation; green solvents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Green solvents have been and continue to be widely studied. Among these solvents, we can find solvents from biomass, ionic liquids (ILs), or deep eutectic solvents (DES). However, in order to classify these compounds as green, it is necessary to carry out a deep characterization of these chemicals taking into account several points of view: 1) physicochemical properties, since they allow knowing how these substances will behave in the medium and if they can be substituted for traditional solvents; 2) toxicological characterization, to check if these compounds can affect human health and how they do so; and, finally, 3) environment behavior, fundamentally through ecotoxicological studies, to understand how they can affect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

With this information in mind, we are in a position to take the necessary measures to be able to replace those solvents that have been considered as traditional solvents and which, today, are known to be toxic to health and the environment.

With this Special Issue, we will focus on presenting novel studies of potential green solvents.

Dr. Laura Lomba Eraso
Dr. Beatriz Giner Parache
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green solvents (solvents from biomass, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, etc.): synthesis, properties, catalyst studies
  • ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity
  • water as solvent
  • life cycle analysis of green chemical processes using green solvents compared to those “traditional”

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2036 KiB  
Article
Separation of Albumin from Bovine Serum Applying Ionic-Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems
by Ana F. C. S. Rufino, Mafalda R. Almeida, Mukesh Sharma, João A. P. Coutinho and Mara G. Freire
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020707 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3632
Abstract
In this work, the extraction and separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from its original matrix, i.e., bovine serum, was performed using a novel ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic system (IL-based ABS). To this end, imidazolium-, phosphonium-, and ammonium-based ILs, combined with the anions’ acetate, [...] Read more.
In this work, the extraction and separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from its original matrix, i.e., bovine serum, was performed using a novel ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic system (IL-based ABS). To this end, imidazolium-, phosphonium-, and ammonium-based ILs, combined with the anions’ acetate, arginate and derived from Good Buffers, were synthesized, characterized, and applied in the development of ABS with K2HPO4/KH2PO4 buffer aqueous solutions at pH 7. Initial studies with commercial BSA revealed a preferential migration of the protein to the IL-rich phase, with extraction efficiencies of 100% obtained in a single-step. BSA recovery yields ranging between 64.0% and 84.9% were achieved, with the system comprising the IL tetrabutylammonium acetate leading to the maximum recovery yield. With this IL, BSA was directly extracted and separated from bovine serum using the respective ABS. Different serum dilutions were further investigated to improve the separation performance. Under the best identified conditions, BSA can be extracted from bovine serum with a recovery yield of 85.6% and a purity of 61.2%. Moreover, it is shown that the BSA secondary structure is maintained in the extraction process, i.e., after being extracted to the IL-rich phase. Overall, the new ABS herein proposed may be used as an alternative platform for the purification of BSA from serum samples and can be applied to other added-value proteins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents)
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21 pages, 1422 KiB  
Article
Deep Eutectic Solvents: Are They Safe?
by Laura Lomba, Mª Pilar Ribate, Estela Sangüesa, Julia Concha, M ª Pilar Garralaga, Diego Errazquin, Cristina B. García and Beatriz Giner
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10061; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110061 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 5890
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a relatively new type of solvent that have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their environmentally friendly properties and their versatility in many applications. Many possible DESs have been described and, thus, it is not [...] Read more.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a relatively new type of solvent that have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their environmentally friendly properties and their versatility in many applications. Many possible DESs have been described and, thus, it is not easy to unequivocally characterize and generalize their properties. This is especially important in the case of the (eco)toxicity information that can be found for these mixtures. In this review, we collect data on the human and environmental toxicity of DESs, with the aim of gathering and exploring the behavioral patterns of DESs. The toxicity data found were analyzed attending to different factors: hydrogen bond donors or acceptors that form part of the eutectic mixture, pH, and the presence of organic acids in the DES molar ratio of the components, or interactions with natural compounds. In the case of ecotoxicity, results generally depend on the biomodel studied, along with other factors that have been also revised. Finally, we also carried out a revision of the biodegradation of DESs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents)
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Review

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18 pages, 1490 KiB  
Review
Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents Related to Health, Synthesis, and Extraction of Natural Based Chemicals
by Laura Lomba, Cristina B. García, Mª Pilar Ribate, Beatriz Giner and Estefanía Zuriaga
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10156; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110156 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 8554
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents are liquid mixtures of solid components at room temperature, which present exceptional properties: high solvent capacity, high biodegradation, low volatile organic compound character, and relatively low toxicity. Furthermore, there are an important number of DES described, formed by different components [...] Read more.
Deep eutectic solvents are liquid mixtures of solid components at room temperature, which present exceptional properties: high solvent capacity, high biodegradation, low volatile organic compound character, and relatively low toxicity. Furthermore, there are an important number of DES described, formed by different components and ratios, and thus, the studied applications are also numerous. In this review, we focused on the applications related to health. One of the most promising applications of DES is the development of oral liquid formulations of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, although it currently remains at an early stage. We have analyzed the potential and limitations of DES with this regard. Furthermore, DES have been used as synthesis media. In this work, we revised the use of DES to obtain bioactive natural products via synthesis or extraction process. Finally, the usefulness of DES in other interesting applications for promoting health has been also examined: this is the case of genomics studies, nano-carriers for the encapsulation of anticancer drugs or stabilization of samples for medical purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents)
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