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New Insights into Railway Vehicle Dynamics
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New Insights into Railway Vehicle Dynamics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Transportation and Future Mobility".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2025) | Viewed by 1839

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dongrun Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track, Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Interests: safety and monitoring technology of high-speed trains operating under strong wind conditions; railway vehicle dynamics; railway vehicle aerodynamics
Dr. Tiantian Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Interests: railway vehicle aerodynamics; driving safety of rail vehicles in extreme environments; rail vehicle structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bin Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy
Interests: rail vehicle dynamics; rail vehicle active suspension; rail vehicle wheel and rail defects
Dr. Liangliang Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Group of Dynamics and Vibration, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
Interests: rail vehicle vibration and dynamics; rail vehicle structural health monitoring and nondestructive testing; data-driven modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is widely acknowledged that developing higher-speed rail transit is important. However, higher-speed, lighter-weight, and lower-axle-load designs will lead to a sharp increase in the aerodynamic loads of the train and the sensitivity of the vehicle system to external disturbances, which will weaken the train's toughness against external disturbances and further increase the risk of operational instability. This adds new challenges to the contradictory regulation between weight reduction–speed increase, energy saving–consumption reduction, and safety–stability operation performance of higher-speed trains, which has become a restriction on the safe, efficient, and green development of higher-speed rail transit. Hence, it is urgent to research new technologies that are suitable for higher-speed trains such as aerodynamics, vehicle dynamics, and safety operation in special weather environments such as strong winds from new perspectives.

Dr. Dongrun Liu
Dr. Tiantian Wang
Dr. Bin Fu
Dr. Liangliang Cheng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • vehicle aerodynamics
  • vehicle dynamic response for crosswind
  • vehicle vibration and dynamics
  • CFD
  • MBS
  • wind tunnel test
  • full-scale test

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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26 pages, 28194 KiB  
Article
Propagation Characteristics of Initial Compression Wave Induced by 400 km/h High-Speed Trains Passing through Very Long Tunnels
by Kang Wei, Yuangui Mei, Qi Sun and Xiao Hu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(13), 5946; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135946 - 8 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1037
Abstract
When high-speed trains enter tunnels, an initial compression wave is generated. As the compression wave propagates at the local speed of sound to the tunnel exit, it radiates into the surrounding environment, forming micro-pressure waves (MPWs). MPWs create sonic booms, resulting in significant [...] Read more.
When high-speed trains enter tunnels, an initial compression wave is generated. As the compression wave propagates at the local speed of sound to the tunnel exit, it radiates into the surrounding environment, forming micro-pressure waves (MPWs). MPWs create sonic booms, resulting in significant environmental issues. The magnitude of the micro-pressure waves is directly proportional to the pressure gradient of the compression wave at the tunnel exit. The nonlinear effects of the initial compression wave during propagation lead to a significant increase in pressure gradient. Therefore, the propagation characteristics of the initial compression wave during the tunnel are the crucial factor affecting the amplitude of MPWs. Based on the one-dimensional compressible unsteady non-isentropic flow model and the improved generalized Riemann variable characteristic method, this paper researched the propagation and evolution characteristics of an initial compression wave generated when 400 km/h high-speed trains enter tunnels with three portal shapes: (no tunnel entrance hood (no hood), an oblique, enlarged tunnel entrance hood (type A), an enlarged equal-section non-uniform opening hole tunnel entrance hood (type B)). The results show that when the initial compression wave propagates inside very long tunnels, the pressure gradient of the compression wave exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the increase in propagation distance. When the pressure gradient of the compression wave reaches its maximum value, the corresponding propagation distance is the steepening critical distance. For no tunnel entrance hoods, type A tunnel entrance hoods, and type B tunnel entrance hoods, the steepening critical distances are 5 km, 6 km, and 16 km, respectively. The steepening critical distance shortens with increasing train speed. Steady friction and unsteady friction effects mainly affect the pressure amplitude and pressure gradient during compression wave propagation, respectively. At lower ambient temperatures, the nonlinear effects in compression wave propagation are significantly enhanced. The mitigation effects of type A tunnel entrance hoods and type B tunnel entrance hoods on pressure gradient reduction are mainly concentrated within 4 km and 12 km, respectively. It is necessary to determine the optimal matching relationship between the tunnel entrance hood and tunnel length based on the characteristics of compression wave propagation to ensure their mitigating performance is maximized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Railway Vehicle Dynamics)
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18 pages, 6383 KiB  
Study Protocol
The Impact of Hollow Wear on the Stability of High-Speed Railway Vehicles
by Ling Zhang, Junping Hu, Chen Wang and Zechao Liu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 4060; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074060 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 205
Abstract
Hollow wear on wheels is a common form of surface damage often observed in high-velocity vehicles. It is widely recognized that hollow wear of the wheel tread degrades the dynamic performance of rail vehicles, especially in the issue commonly referred to as “operational [...] Read more.
Hollow wear on wheels is a common form of surface damage often observed in high-velocity vehicles. It is widely recognized that hollow wear of the wheel tread degrades the dynamic performance of rail vehicles, especially in the issue commonly referred to as “operational stability”, and leads to abnormal wheel–rail contact interactions. However, the evaluation criteria for vehicle stability are not uniform, which affects the assessment of wheel conditions and the timing of wheel re-profiling during maintenance. Therefore, numerical simulations were conducted by matching the measured worn wheel profiles with standard rails, and three different methods were employed to evaluate vehicle stability in this article. The numerical results revealed that the wheel equivalent conicity exhibits a nonlinear characteristic caused by hollow wear, which means that the nominal equivalent conicity is unable to accurately represent the geometric contact relationship between the wheel and rail. Under identical wheel wear conditions, a certain difference was observed in the critical speed of the vehicle determined by the velocity-reducing method and the bifurcation configuration method. Both methods were capable of reflecting the impact of wheel hollow wear on vehicle stability at the critical speed. Compared to the velocity-reducing method, the bifurcation configuration method can better reflect the transition process of a vehicle from stable running to hunting instability. Furthermore, the lateral vibration acceleration values measured above the bogie frame indicated that slight wheel wear is insensitive to increased speed. However, when the wear was severe, the lateral vibration acceleration of the bogie was found to increase sharply, exceeding the established stability criteria. This phenomenon was consistent with the safety alarms that occurred during actual vehicle operation, indicating that the vehicle had failed to meet stability requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Railway Vehicle Dynamics)
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