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Remote Sensing Technologies in Hydrology and Water Resource Analysis

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2025) | Viewed by 267

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento Manejo de Bosques y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
Interests: remote sensing; hydrology; water resources

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Guest Editor
Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Edifici B, Carrer de la Fortuna, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: hydrology; remote sensing; ecohydrology; water resources; hyperspectral
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Remote sensing technologies are transforming the way we observe and analyze hydrological systems, providing detailed insights into river morphology, sediment transport, water quality, and discharge dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together cutting-edge research that integrates remote sensing, hydrological modeling, and geomorphological analysis to support sustainable water resource management.

Contributions focusing on the use of satellite imagery, UAV-based multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, LiDAR, and structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry to map and monitor river corridors are welcome. Special emphasis is placed on the characterization of planform evolution, fluvial dynamics, and sediment transport using Earth observation data, including the application of object-based image analysis (OBIA) and artificial intelligence for feature extraction.

This Special Issue also encourages the integration of hydroacoustic methods, such as acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), with remote sensing approaches to improve quantification of suspended sediment concentrations and sediment fluxes in rivers. In addition, we welcome studies that incorporate remotely sensed data into hydrological and river flow modeling frameworks to improve flow estimation, flood forecasting, and water resource assessment at the basin scale.

By promoting interdisciplinary contributions, this Special Issue aims to advance the use of remote sensing technologies in hydrology, river science, and environmental monitoring.

Dr. Santiago Yepez
Dr. Jordi Cristóbal Rosselló
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fluvial geomorphology
  • sediment transport
  • hydroacoustic methods (ADCP)
  • streamflow and discharge modeling
  • UAV multispectral and hyperspectral imagery
  • object-based image analysis (OBIA)
  • river planform change
  • artificial intelligence in remote sensing
  • water quality monitoring
  • hydrological modeling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 10595 KB  
Article
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of TN:TP Ratio Using CNN-SVR: Unveiling Nutrient Limitation in Eutrophic Lakes
by Fazhi Xie, Lanlan Huang, Wuyiming Liu, Qianfeng Gao, Jiwei Zhou and Banglong Pan
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16021098 - 21 Jan 2026
Abstract
The nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (TN:TP) is a key indicator influencing phytoplankton nutrient limitation and growth dynamics, directly regulating algal growth rates, abundance, and community structure, thereby affecting the process of water eutrophication. This study aims to evaluate the modeling performance of integrated machine learning [...] Read more.
The nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (TN:TP) is a key indicator influencing phytoplankton nutrient limitation and growth dynamics, directly regulating algal growth rates, abundance, and community structure, thereby affecting the process of water eutrophication. This study aims to evaluate the modeling performance of integrated machine learning approaches for lake total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios (TN:TP), utilizing Zhuhai-1 hyperspectral satellite imagery to develop a CNN-SVR ensemble model integrating convolutional neural networks and support vector regression for remote sensing inversion of lake TN:TP ratios. Performance is evaluated against random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models, systematically analyzing spatial distribution patterns and primary drivers. Results indicate that the CNN-SVR model demonstrated superior performance among the tested models, with R2, RMSE, MAPD, and RPD values of 0.856, 2.675, 9.516%, and 2.390, respectively. Spatially, the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio in lakes during the growing season exhibits an increasing trend from the western to the eastern half of the lake, progressing from northwest to southeast. When TN:TP falls below 9, algal growth becomes nitrogen-limited, indicating a higher degree of eutrophication; when TN:TP exceeds 22.6, phosphorus becomes the limiting factor, indicating lower eutrophication levels. A similar distribution pattern is observed during the non-growing season. Regarding driving mechanisms, the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio during the growing season is primarily influenced by TN accumulation and shows significant correlations with dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. During the non-growing season, while still affected by TN input, its association with other water quality parameters is weaker. The results indicate that the combined use of CNN and SVR improves feature extraction and model fitting in nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio inversion and helps clarify its ecological significance as an indicator of algal growth. This provides methodologies and evidence for precise diagnosis and ecological management of lake eutrophication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Technologies in Hydrology and Water Resource Analysis)
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