Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of various sectors, including healthcare, where it stands out as a field ripe for innovation and transformation. The integration of AI in healthcare may represent a paradigm shift towards more efficient, personalized, and predictive medical care.

This Special Issue titled "Application of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare," is dedicated to exploring the forefront of AI applications that demonstrate high levels of technology readiness within the healthcare ecosystem (at least a Technology Readiness Level, TRL, of 6, i.e., technology demonstrated in relevant environment). This collection aims to bridge the gap between theoretical AI models and their real-world implications, ensuring a focus on tangible, impactful advancements in healthcare, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and operational efficiencies. The core of this Special Issue will be centered around original articles and studies that describe the deployment of AI tools—encompassing devices, models, and algorithms—across diverse healthcare domains. The scope of this issue is deliberately broad, covering clinical interventions, organizational efficiency enhancements, epidemiological insights, and preventive healthcare measures. A particular emphasis will be placed on contributions that go beyond showcasing the innovation of AI applications to include thorough validation analyses of the algorithms and tools in use. These analyses are crucial for understanding the real-world effectiveness, scalability, and integration challenges of AI technologies in healthcare settings. An expanded focus of this Special Issue will be on real-world evidence (RWE) studies that elucidate the impact of AI applications in healthcare. RWE studies are instrumental in demonstrating the practical benefits, limitations, and value of AI technologies when deployed in everyday clinical practice and healthcare operational contexts. By featuring robust RWE studies, this Special Issue aims to illuminate the pathways through which AI can improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment personalization, patient monitoring, and overall healthcare delivery. These studies will provide indispensable insights into the tangible impacts of AI, substantiated by data and outcomes derived from real-world healthcare environments.

Furthermore, this Special Issue is set to include systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses that critically assess the breadth of AI applications with high technology readiness levels in healthcare. Such reviews will compile and analyze the existing body of research, highlighting successful implementations, identifying gaps in the current knowledge, and outlining future research directions. The goal is to offer a holistic view of where AI stands today in the healthcare sector and its potential trajectory, based on rigorous examination of real-world applications and outcomes.

In keeping with its focus on practical, real-world applications of AI in healthcare, out of the scope of the Special Issue are those purely theoretical studies and those pertaining to low readiness level technologies and algorithms. The emphasis is firmly on highlighting AI solutions that are not only innovative but also validated and ready for broader implementation in healthcare systems.

Dr. Davide Golinelli
Dr. Andrea Bucci
Prof. Dr. Dario Tedesco
Guest Editors

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