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Article

Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in Emetic Bacillus cereus

by
Eva Maria Kalbhenn
1,
Markus Kranzler
1,
Agnieszka Gacek-Matthews
1,†,
Gregor Grass
2,
Timo D. Stark
3,
Elrike Frenzel
1,‡ and
Monika Ehling-Schulz
1,*
1
Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
2
Department of Bacteriology and Toxinology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
3
Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
‡
Current address: Dr. Brill + KEBOS GmbH & Co. KG—Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Grützmühlenweg 48, 22339 Hamburg, Germany.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11479; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911479
Submission received: 10 August 2022 / Revised: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 September 2022 / Published: 29 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Regulatory Proteins 2.0)
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Abstract

The emetic type of foodborne disease caused by Bacillus cereus is produced by the small peptide toxin cereulide. The genetic locus encoding the Ces nonribosomal peptide synthetase (CesNRPS) multienzyme machinery is located on a 270 kb megaplasmid, designated pCER270, which shares its backbone with the Bacillus anthracis toxin plasmid pXO1. Although the ces genes are plasmid-borne, the chromosomally encoded pleiotropic transcriptional factors CodY and AbrB are key players in the control of ces transcription. Since these proteins only repress cereulide synthesis during earlier growth phases, other factors must be involved in the strict control of ces expression and its embedment in the bacterial life cycle. In silico genome analysis revealed that pCER270 carries a putative ArsR/SmtB family transcription factor showing high homology to PagR from B. anthracis. As PagR plays a crucial role in the regulation of the protective antigen gene pagA, which forms part of anthrax toxin, we used a gene-inactivation approach, combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assays and a bacterial two-hybrid system for dissecting the role of the PagR homologue PagRBc in the regulation of cereulide synthesis. Our results highlight that the plasmid-encoded transcriptional regulator PagRBc plays an important role in the complex and multilayered process of cereulide synthesis.
Keywords: Bacillus cereus; pagR; cereulide; transcription factor; homologue; Bacillus anthracis; toxins Bacillus cereus; pagR; cereulide; transcription factor; homologue; Bacillus anthracis; toxins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kalbhenn, E.M.; Kranzler, M.; Gacek-Matthews, A.; Grass, G.; Stark, T.D.; Frenzel, E.; Ehling-Schulz, M. Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in Emetic Bacillus cereus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911479

AMA Style

Kalbhenn EM, Kranzler M, Gacek-Matthews A, Grass G, Stark TD, Frenzel E, Ehling-Schulz M. Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in Emetic Bacillus cereus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911479

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kalbhenn, Eva Maria, Markus Kranzler, Agnieszka Gacek-Matthews, Gregor Grass, Timo D. Stark, Elrike Frenzel, and Monika Ehling-Schulz. 2022. "Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in Emetic Bacillus cereus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911479

APA Style

Kalbhenn, E. M., Kranzler, M., Gacek-Matthews, A., Grass, G., Stark, T. D., Frenzel, E., & Ehling-Schulz, M. (2022). Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in Emetic Bacillus cereus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19), 11479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911479

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