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Volume 135
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Proceeding Paper

Evaluating Objective Functions for SWMM Calibration in Urban Catchments †

by
Mohammed N. Assaf
1,*,
Sauro Manenti
1,2,
Lorenzo Tamellini
3 and
Sara Todeschini
1,2,*
1
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAr), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Interdepartmental Centre for Water Research (CRA), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
3
CNR-IMATI, National Research Council—Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, 27100 Pavia, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at II International Conference on Challenges and Perspectives in Urban Water Management Systems (CSDU-CSSI DAYS 25), Trieste, Italy, 18–19 November 2025.
Eng. Proc. 2026, 135(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026135025
Published: 21 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of II International Conference on Challenges and Perspectives in Urban Water Management Systems (CSDU-CSSI DAYS 25))
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Abstract

Urban hydrological models require robust calibration strategies to accurately simulate rainfall–runoff processes, yet parameter sensitivity and the choice of objective functions remain key challenges. This study applied the SWMM nonlinear reservoir approach to an urban catchment in Pavia, Italy, using high-resolution rainfall–runoff data from multiple events. Sensitivity analysis showed that surface storage and hydraulic resistance dominated runoff response, while infiltration had limited influence. Calibration was performed with a genetic algorithm, testing six objective functions. The results indicated that the Index of Agreement and NSE-sqrt provided the most consistent performance across calibration and validation, supporting their use in urban drainage modeling.
Keywords: rainfall-runoff modelling; parameter calibration; objective function; global sensitivity analysis; genetic algorithm; urban hydrology rainfall-runoff modelling; parameter calibration; objective function; global sensitivity analysis; genetic algorithm; urban hydrology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Assaf, M.N.; Manenti, S.; Tamellini, L.; Todeschini, S. Evaluating Objective Functions for SWMM Calibration in Urban Catchments. Eng. Proc. 2026, 135, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026135025

AMA Style

Assaf MN, Manenti S, Tamellini L, Todeschini S. Evaluating Objective Functions for SWMM Calibration in Urban Catchments. Engineering Proceedings. 2026; 135(1):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026135025

Chicago/Turabian Style

Assaf, Mohammed N., Sauro Manenti, Lorenzo Tamellini, and Sara Todeschini. 2026. "Evaluating Objective Functions for SWMM Calibration in Urban Catchments" Engineering Proceedings 135, no. 1: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026135025

APA Style

Assaf, M. N., Manenti, S., Tamellini, L., & Todeschini, S. (2026). Evaluating Objective Functions for SWMM Calibration in Urban Catchments. Engineering Proceedings, 135(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026135025

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