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Volume 5
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Article

Antihypertensive Amaranth Protein Hydrolysates Encapsulation in Alginate/Pectin Beads: Influence on Bioactive Properties upon In Vitro Digestion

by
Dora Elisa Cruz-Casas
1,
Rodolfo Ramos-González
2,
Lilia Arely Prado-Barragán
3,
Cristóbal N. Aguilar
1,
Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
1,
Anna Iliná
4,
Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González
5 and
Adriana Carolina Flores-Gallegos
1,*
1
School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col. República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
2
CONAHCYT, Nanobioscience Research Group, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col. República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
3
Biotechnology Department, Biological, Health Sciences Division, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
4
Nanobioscience Research Group, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col. República, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
5
Odontology Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25125, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polysaccharides 2024, 5(3), 450-462; https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5030028
Submission received: 20 July 2024 / Revised: 29 August 2024 / Accepted: 30 August 2024 / Published: 5 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seaweed Polysaccharides: Innovations in Isolation, Characterization, Chemical Modification and Processing)
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Abstract

Protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides have emerged as therapeutic agents. However, these peptides may lose this bioactivity under gastrointestinal conditions. Encapsulation in edible biopolymers is a solution to this problem. Protein hydrolysates with ACE-I inhibitory activity, obtained previously, were encapsulated. A 1% solution of the biopolymers alginate (AG) and pectin (PC) in various ratios was prepared. The beads formed were evaluated in both wet and dry states for size, roundness, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), encapsulation efficiency, and ACE-I inhibitory activity. Selected samples underwent in vitro digestion, after which peptide release and ACE-I inhibitory activity were determined. Size analysis revealed that increasing the PC content increased the bead size, with 100% PC beads showing total deformation and reduced roundness. TGA indicated that wet beads had lower thermal stability compared to dry beads. The highest encapsulation efficiency (95.57% ± 0.49) was observed with 100% AG beads. The 75% AG 25% PC beads exhibited the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity (97.97% ± 1.01). Encapsulated protein hydrolysates retained their ACE-I inhibitory activity after simulated digestion, whereas non-encapsulated hydrolysates lost their bioactivity. Encapsulation of amaranth protein hydrolysates with AG and PC thus preserves antihypertensive activity even after in vitro digestion.
Keywords: encapsulation; fermentation; ACE-I; alginate; pectin encapsulation; fermentation; ACE-I; alginate; pectin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cruz-Casas, D.E.; Ramos-González, R.; Prado-Barragán, L.A.; Aguilar, C.N.; Rodríguez-Herrera, R.; Iliná, A.; Esparza-González, S.C.; Flores-Gallegos, A.C. Antihypertensive Amaranth Protein Hydrolysates Encapsulation in Alginate/Pectin Beads: Influence on Bioactive Properties upon In Vitro Digestion. Polysaccharides 2024, 5, 450-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5030028

AMA Style

Cruz-Casas DE, Ramos-González R, Prado-Barragán LA, Aguilar CN, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Iliná A, Esparza-González SC, Flores-Gallegos AC. Antihypertensive Amaranth Protein Hydrolysates Encapsulation in Alginate/Pectin Beads: Influence on Bioactive Properties upon In Vitro Digestion. Polysaccharides. 2024; 5(3):450-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5030028

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cruz-Casas, Dora Elisa, Rodolfo Ramos-González, Lilia Arely Prado-Barragán, Cristóbal N. Aguilar, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, Anna Iliná, Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González, and Adriana Carolina Flores-Gallegos. 2024. "Antihypertensive Amaranth Protein Hydrolysates Encapsulation in Alginate/Pectin Beads: Influence on Bioactive Properties upon In Vitro Digestion" Polysaccharides 5, no. 3: 450-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5030028

APA Style

Cruz-Casas, D. E., Ramos-González, R., Prado-Barragán, L. A., Aguilar, C. N., Rodríguez-Herrera, R., Iliná, A., Esparza-González, S. C., & Flores-Gallegos, A. C. (2024). Antihypertensive Amaranth Protein Hydrolysates Encapsulation in Alginate/Pectin Beads: Influence on Bioactive Properties upon In Vitro Digestion. Polysaccharides, 5(3), 450-462. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5030028

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