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Article

Heat Transfer Analysis in a Channel Mounted with In-Line Downward-Facing and Staggered Downward-Facing Notched Baffles

by
A. Phila
1,
W. Keaitnukul
1,
M. Kumar
2,
M. Pimsarn
3,*,
S. Chokphoemphun
4 and
S. Eiamsa-Ard
1
1
School of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
3
School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
4
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Eng 2025, 6(9), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6090229
Submission received: 4 July 2025 / Revised: 11 August 2025 / Accepted: 1 September 2025 / Published: 5 September 2025
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Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer enhancement, flow resistance, and thermal performance in rectangular channels equipped with three baffle configurations: conventional transverse baffles (TBs), in-line downward-facing notched baffles (IDF-NBs), and staggered downward-facing notched baffles (SDF-NBs). The influence of the pitch-to-baffle height ratio (P/e), ranging from 2.0 to 10, was examined across Reynolds numbers from 6000 to 24,000. Results indicate that a P/e ratio of 6.0 consistently yielded the highest Nusselt numbers across all configurations. While the TB configuration produced significant heat transfer at P/e= 6.0, it experienced a substantial friction penalty, with its best thermal enhancement factor (TEF = 1.168) observed at P/e = 8.0. The IDF-NB configuration achieved optimal performance at P/e = 6.0 with a TEF of 1.257, offering a better balance between heat transfer and flow resistance. The SDF-NB arrangement outperformed all other cases, delivering the highest Nusselt number (Nu = 116.9), TEF (1.362), and improved flow reattachment, primarily due to enhanced mixing from the staggered layout. These findings demonstrate that the staggered notched baffle configuration at P/e = 6.0 offers the most effective thermal performance enhancement among the configurations studied.
Keywords: channel; heat transfer; in-line downward-facing notched-baffles; staggered downward-facing notched-baffle; thermal enhancement factor channel; heat transfer; in-line downward-facing notched-baffles; staggered downward-facing notched-baffle; thermal enhancement factor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Phila, A.; Keaitnukul, W.; Kumar, M.; Pimsarn, M.; Chokphoemphun, S.; Eiamsa-Ard, S. Heat Transfer Analysis in a Channel Mounted with In-Line Downward-Facing and Staggered Downward-Facing Notched Baffles. Eng 2025, 6, 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6090229

AMA Style

Phila A, Keaitnukul W, Kumar M, Pimsarn M, Chokphoemphun S, Eiamsa-Ard S. Heat Transfer Analysis in a Channel Mounted with In-Line Downward-Facing and Staggered Downward-Facing Notched Baffles. Eng. 2025; 6(9):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6090229

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phila, A., W. Keaitnukul, M. Kumar, M. Pimsarn, S. Chokphoemphun, and S. Eiamsa-Ard. 2025. "Heat Transfer Analysis in a Channel Mounted with In-Line Downward-Facing and Staggered Downward-Facing Notched Baffles" Eng 6, no. 9: 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6090229

APA Style

Phila, A., Keaitnukul, W., Kumar, M., Pimsarn, M., Chokphoemphun, S., & Eiamsa-Ard, S. (2025). Heat Transfer Analysis in a Channel Mounted with In-Line Downward-Facing and Staggered Downward-Facing Notched Baffles. Eng, 6(9), 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6090229

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