Epidemiologia, Volume 6, Issue 4

Background/Objectives: Nursing professionals were among the most affected groups during the COVID-19 pandemic, exposed to simultaneous physical demands and emotional strain. This study examined the interplay between work engagement, compassion fatigu...

Objectives: Neural tube defects such as myelomeningocele (MMC) remain a significant public health concern despite prevention efforts. Public health measures have reduced the global MMC incidence, but socioeconomic disparities may limit their impact....

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 and long COVID remain prevalent, with household transmission being an important mode of spread. To quantify household transmission of subclinical SARS-COV-2 infection and identify sociodemographic risk factors that may...

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women of reproductive age, with 80% of the cases occurring in developing countries. Cervical cancer is largely preventable by effective screening programs. This study asse...

Background: premature birth is a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. Premature newborns require special care from birth, often requiring prolonged hospitalization and continuous monitoring by various...

Objectives: This cross-sectional observational and epidemiological study aimed to collect data on the oral health conditions of the prison population in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: The Penitentiary Moniz Sodré, part of the Penitentiary Co...

Background/Objectives: Unintended pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of subsequent unintended pregnancies, but its impact on contraceptive use and intention remains vastly understudied. This study assessed whether unintended pregnancy independe...

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and are strongly influenced by obesity and hypertension. Age at menarche has been proposed as an early marker of cardiometabolic risk, but evidence in postmen...

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) in adults from northwestern Mexico. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Culiacán, Sinaloa. A v...

Background: Robust evidence demonstrates that tobacco use acts as a causal and, therefore, modifiable risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its specific population-level impact in Mexico has not yet been quantif...

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major contributor to severe Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in infants worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The seasonal nature of RSV and other respiratory infections presen...

Background: Women from Roma communities face considerable health inequalities, primarily due to limited access to healthcare systems, alongside broader social and structural disadvantages. Among Roma women these disparities are reflected in poorer pe...

Background: Brazil must make progress toward eliminating tuberculosis as a public health problem and achieving the goal of reducing treatment interruption to below 5%. Improving adherence requires a thorough understanding of the factors that influenc...

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and its prognosis can be influenced by various factors, including geographic accessibility of healthcare services. This study describes the geographic distribution of breast...

Background/Objectives: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) have a high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, its association with human papillomavirus (HPV), and other assoc...

Background/Objectives: Since its emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated remarkable genetic diversity driven by mutations and recombination events that shaped the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous genomic monitoring is essential...

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) remains a significant threat to swine production globally, including Japan. While the genetic diversity of PRRSV-2 has been reported previously, the potential associatio...

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) prevention presents significant challenges in Peruvian healthcare settings, with substantial gaps in knowledge implementation and preventive practices. However, little is known about how patients&...

Background: Babesiosis and malaria are infectious diseases caused by the intraerythrocytic parasites Babesia and Plasmodium, respectively. While no human red blood cell (RBC) receptors have been shown to be essential for B. microti (Bm) invasion, Duf...

Objectives: This study assessed socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening at the district level in Peru, focusing on bilateral mammography, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Methods: An ecological study wa...

Background: Health literacy, including its digital and vaccination-specific components, is essential for informed health decision-making in adolescence—a developmental period when health attitudes and behaviors are shaped and may persist into a...

Background. Depression and anxiety among young people in Africa are highly prevalent and a significant public health concern. Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) tailored to this demographic’s unique cultural and contextual needs are limited. M...

Background: Brucella canis is a zoonotic pathogen associated with reproductive disorders in dogs and represents an emerging public health concern. Dogs are the only known source of infection for humans, and transmission is often associated with close...

Background/Objectives: Nitrous oxide (N₂O), commonly known as laughing gas, is increasingly being used recreationally. While neurological risks are recognized, psychiatric effects remain underexplored. This study investigates neuropsychiatric present...

Background/Objectives: Patient satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a key indicator of the effectiveness of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. While some studies suggest disparities in satisfaction across treatment settings, there remains...

Background/Objectives: To determine the clinical features of different types of intermittent exotropia according to the distance and near angles of exodeviation. Methods: This study included 5331 patients with intermittent exotropia. The patients wer...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted various aspects of daily life, including hygiene routines, dietary habits, and access to dental care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the oral health-related and die...

Background: Vitamin D is essential for women’s health, yet deficiency is widespread among Moroccan premenopausal women. Objectives: This study examined vitamin D intake, dietary sources, determinants, and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D...

Background and Aim: Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy has become a major public health issue, with its prevalence rising significantly in recent years. The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has also surged, from 1.5 cases per 1...

Background: Feminizing adrenocortical tumors (FATs) are an exceedingly rare subset of adrenal neoplasms, typically affecting adult men and characterized by an excess of estrogen, suppressed gonadotropins, and gynecomastia. Most FATs are malignant, wi...

Background and Objectives: Measles is a highly contagious but vaccine-preventable disease with significant morbidity in the European region, including Romania, especially in the post-COVID-19 era with low vaccination rates which no longer provide her...

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children, but neurological complications, including encephalitis, are increasingly recognized. Basal ganglia involvement is rare, and a poorly characterized featur...

Background: Cardiac arrests can occur both in and out of hospital settings. Over the years, several protocols have been developed to standardize the behavior of healthcare professionals called upon to deal with these emergencies. Advanced Cardiac Lif...

Background: In late January 2025, a measles outbreak began in Gaines County, Texas, USA, and the outbreak extended to New Mexico. We used a variety of mathematical models to estimate the growth rate of the Texas–New Mexico measles outbreak of 2...

Background/Objectives: Pre-discharge NT-proBNP levels may serve as a helpful tool in the algorithm of assessing the long-term risk of mortality after a hospitalization for symptomatic heart failure (HF). The goals were: (a) to identify a cut-off for...

Background/Objectives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic contraceptive that can be used orally or as a once-every-three-month injection (i.e., depot MPA [dMPA]). Prior research has reported an increased association between dMPA and cer...

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the usage of Hazardous Materials (HazMat) Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) and ordinary PPE when performing basic and advanced health care support maneuvers in a prehospital setting, evaluating the...