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Article

Structure–Optical Properties and Sustainability Assessment of Carbon Dots Derived from Laurus nobilis Leaves

by
Valeria De Matteis
1,*,
Cristina Baglivo
2,
Silvia Tamborino
2,
Mariafrancesca Cascione
3,
Marco Anni
3,
Paolo Vitali
4,
Giuseppe Negro
5,
Mariaenrica Frigione
2,
Paolo Maria Congedo
2 and
Rosaria Rinaldi
3
1
Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS),University of Salento Centro Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
2
Department of Engineering for Innovation (DII), Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
3
Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
4
Radice Cubica s.r.l, Via Delle Bombarde 14, 73100 Lecce, Italy
5
ASCLA Società Cooperativa Impresa Sociale, Via Sesia 17, 73042 Casarano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Nano 2025, 6(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6030019
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 22 August 2025 / Accepted: 25 August 2025 / Published: 2 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Functional Nanostructures for Nanomedicine, Environmental and Energy Applications)
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Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) derived from renewable biomass are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional nanomaterials for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and photonics. In this study, we reported a one-step synthesis of photoluminescent CDs from Laurus nobilis leaves particularly spread in the Mediterranean area. The resulting nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited average diameters of 3–5 nm and high colloidal stability in water. Structural analysis by X-Rays Diffraction revealed the presence of amorphous graphitic domains, while infrared spectroscopy confirmed oxygenated functional groups on the CD surface. Spectrofluorimetric analysis showed excitation-dependent blue–green emission with a maximum at 490 nm that can be applied also as label agents for cells. The environmental sustainability of the synthetic procedure was evaluated through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), highlighting that the current impacts were primarily associated with electricity consumption, due to the laboratory-scale nature of the process. These impacts are expected to decrease significantly with future scale-up and process optimization.
Keywords: C-dots; Laurus nobilis; physico-chemical properties assessment; life cycle assessment C-dots; Laurus nobilis; physico-chemical properties assessment; life cycle assessment

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MDPI and ACS Style

De Matteis, V.; Baglivo, C.; Tamborino, S.; Cascione, M.; Anni, M.; Vitali, P.; Negro, G.; Frigione, M.; Congedo, P.M.; Rinaldi, R. Structure–Optical Properties and Sustainability Assessment of Carbon Dots Derived from Laurus nobilis Leaves. Appl. Nano 2025, 6, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6030019

AMA Style

De Matteis V, Baglivo C, Tamborino S, Cascione M, Anni M, Vitali P, Negro G, Frigione M, Congedo PM, Rinaldi R. Structure–Optical Properties and Sustainability Assessment of Carbon Dots Derived from Laurus nobilis Leaves. Applied Nano. 2025; 6(3):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6030019

Chicago/Turabian Style

De Matteis, Valeria, Cristina Baglivo, Silvia Tamborino, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Marco Anni, Paolo Vitali, Giuseppe Negro, Mariaenrica Frigione, Paolo Maria Congedo, and Rosaria Rinaldi. 2025. "Structure–Optical Properties and Sustainability Assessment of Carbon Dots Derived from Laurus nobilis Leaves" Applied Nano 6, no. 3: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6030019

APA Style

De Matteis, V., Baglivo, C., Tamborino, S., Cascione, M., Anni, M., Vitali, P., Negro, G., Frigione, M., Congedo, P. M., & Rinaldi, R. (2025). Structure–Optical Properties and Sustainability Assessment of Carbon Dots Derived from Laurus nobilis Leaves. Applied Nano, 6(3), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6030019

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