Geotourism in Monogenetic Volcanoes: The Case of Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Colombia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Geological Regional Context
3. Regional Tourism Context
4. Methods
5. Results
5.1. Geoheritage Inventory
5.2. Quantitative Assessment
5.2.1. Scientific Value
5.2.2. Educational Value
5.2.3. Touristic Value
5.2.4. Degradation Risk
6. Discussion
6.1. Geotourism Potential in the Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field
6.2. Georoutes and Geointerpretative Possibilities
6.2.1. First Station
6.2.2. Second Station
6.2.3. Third Station
6.2.4. Fourth Station
6.2.5. Fifth Station
6.3. The Strategic Role of the Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Advancing Geotourism in the Volcán del Ruiz Geopark Project
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TGMVF | Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field |
VGRP | Volcan del Ruiz Geopark Project |
NNNP | Los Nevados National Natural Park |
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Parameter | % Relative Weight of the Criterion | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Scientific | Educational | Touristic | Risk | |
Representativeness (R) | 30 | |||
Key locality (KL) | 20 | |||
Integrity (I) | 15 | |||
Rarity (Ra) | 15 | |||
Usage limitations (UL) | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
Scientific knowledge (SK) | 5 | |||
Didactic potential (DP) | 20 | |||
Observation conditions (OC) | 10 | 5 | ||
Vulnerability (V) | 10 | 10 | ||
Accessibility (A) | 10 | 10 | 15 | |
Safety (S) | 10 | 10 | ||
Geodiversity (G) | 5 | 10 | ||
Association with other values (AOV) | 5 | 5 | ||
Scenery (Sc) | 5 | 15 | ||
Interpretative potential (IP) | 10 | |||
Logistic (Lo) | 5 | 5 | ||
Density of population (DoP) | 5 | 5 | 10 | |
Uniqueness (U) | 5 | 10 | ||
Economic level (EL) | 5 | |||
Proximity of recreational areas (PRA) | 5 | |||
Deterioration of geological elements (DGE) | 35 | |||
Proximity to degradation areas (PDA) | 20 | |||
Legal protection (LP) | 20 | |||
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Scientific Parameter | R | KL | I | Ra | UL | SK | G | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Relative Weight | 30 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
Geoheritage site | Qualification (0–4) | |||||||
La Capilla | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 305 |
Las Margaritas 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 205 |
Las Margaritas 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 240 |
Las Margaritas 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 230 |
El Encanto | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 230 |
La Cristalina 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 155 |
La Cristalina 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 155 |
La Camella | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 140 |
Cementos Caldas ruins | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 200 |
Educational Parameter | DP | OC | V | A | S | G | UL | AOV | Sc | Lo | DoP | U | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Relative Weight | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Geoheritage site | Qualification (0–4) | ||||||||||||
La Capilla | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 330 |
Las Margaritas 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 260 |
Las Margaritas 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 255 |
Las Margaritas 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 255 |
El Encanto | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 270 |
La Cristalina 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 240 |
La Cristalina 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 220 |
La Camella | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 185 |
Cementos Caldas ruins | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 305 |
Touristic Parameter | AOV | V | A | S | Sc | IP | UL | OC | Lo | DoP | U | EL | PRA | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Relative Weight | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
Geoheritage site | Qualification (0–4) | |||||||||||||
La Capilla | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 300 |
Las Margaritas 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 230 |
Las Margaritas 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 220 |
Las Margaritas 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 225 |
El Encanto | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 240 |
La Cristalina 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 205 |
La Cristalina 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 190 |
La Camella | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 180 |
Cementos Caldas ruins | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 270 |
Degradation Risk Parameter | DGE | PDA | LP | V | A | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Relative Weight | 35 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 10 | |
Geoheritage site | Qualification (0–4) | |||||
La Capilla | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 260 |
Las Margaritas 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 295 |
Las Margaritas 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 260 |
Las Margaritas 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 260 |
El Encanto | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 295 |
La Cristalina 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 295 |
La Cristalina 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 245 |
La Camella | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 275 |
Cementos Caldas ruins | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 275 |
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Arias-Díaz, A.; Ibargüen-Angulo, E.; Murcia, H.; Osorio-Ocampo, S.; Bolaños-Cabrera, G.; Botero-Gómez, L.A.; Riascos-Hurtado, A. Geotourism in Monogenetic Volcanoes: The Case of Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Colombia. Heritage 2025, 8, 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060185
Arias-Díaz A, Ibargüen-Angulo E, Murcia H, Osorio-Ocampo S, Bolaños-Cabrera G, Botero-Gómez LA, Riascos-Hurtado A. Geotourism in Monogenetic Volcanoes: The Case of Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Colombia. Heritage. 2025; 8(6):185. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060185
Chicago/Turabian StyleArias-Díaz, Alejandro, Erika Ibargüen-Angulo, Hugo Murcia, Susana Osorio-Ocampo, Gina Bolaños-Cabrera, Luis Alvaro Botero-Gómez, and Ana Riascos-Hurtado. 2025. "Geotourism in Monogenetic Volcanoes: The Case of Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Colombia" Heritage 8, no. 6: 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060185
APA StyleArias-Díaz, A., Ibargüen-Angulo, E., Murcia, H., Osorio-Ocampo, S., Bolaños-Cabrera, G., Botero-Gómez, L. A., & Riascos-Hurtado, A. (2025). Geotourism in Monogenetic Volcanoes: The Case of Tapias-Guacaica Monogenetic Volcanic Field in Colombia. Heritage, 8(6), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8060185