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Article

The Condition of Contemporary Murals in Sun-Exposed Urban Environments: A Model Study Based on Spray-Painted Mock-Ups and Simulated Light Ageing

by
Varvara Marazioti
1,2,*,
Antonios M. Douvas
2,
Evangelia C. Vouvoudi
3,
Dimitrios Bikiaris
3,
Kyriaki Papadokostaki
2,
Dimitrios Nioras
2,
Evangelos Gogolides
2,
Spyros Orfanoudakis
2,4,
Thomas Stergiopoulos
2,
Stamatios Boyatzis
1 and
Yorgos Facorellis
1
1
Department of Conservation of Antiquities & Works of Art, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Attica, Greece
2
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Attica, Greece
3
Laboratory of Polymers Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
4
Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Heritage 2024, 7(8), 3932-3959; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7080186
Submission received: 8 July 2024 / Accepted: 26 July 2024 / Published: 30 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Cultural Heritage)
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Abstract

The present work investigates the physicochemical stability of spray paints when irradiated with artificial solar light (at spectral range 300–800 nm). This research highlights the importance of understanding the materials used in street art and public murals, recognising them as a significant component of contemporary cultural heritage. By examining the stability and degradation of spray paints toward solar light exposure, the study aims to contribute to the preservation of contemporary murals, which reflect current social and cultural narratives. A physicochemical approach was employed for the study of spray paints’ physical and thermal properties, as well as the effect of specific photochemical ageing reactions/processes. The photochemical ageing results were compared with reference (unaged) samples. Specifically, a multi-technique approach was applied using stereo microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement, colorimetry, glossimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV-Vis spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS). The photodegradation of the spray paints occurred from the first 144 h of solar light irradiation, resulting in changes in morphology, colour, gloss, roughness, and wettability. Regarding photochemical stability, ageing seems to affect the binders more than the synthetic organic pigments and the inorganic fillers. In particular, acrylic binders showed small chemical changes, whereas the alkyd, nitrocellulose, and styrene binders underwent severe chemical modification. The results suggest that simulated daylight irradiation prompts the migration of additives toward the surface of the spray paint films. In addition, the results of the analyses on the white spray paints in comparison with the coloured paints (from the same manufacturer) showed that there seems to be an active distinct photoageing mechanism involving titanium dioxide, but the whole issue needs further investigation.
Keywords: spray paints; accelerated photochemical ageing; photodegradation; solar light irradiation; physicochemical stability spray paints; accelerated photochemical ageing; photodegradation; solar light irradiation; physicochemical stability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Marazioti, V.; Douvas, A.M.; Vouvoudi, E.C.; Bikiaris, D.; Papadokostaki, K.; Nioras, D.; Gogolides, E.; Orfanoudakis, S.; Stergiopoulos, T.; Boyatzis, S.; et al. The Condition of Contemporary Murals in Sun-Exposed Urban Environments: A Model Study Based on Spray-Painted Mock-Ups and Simulated Light Ageing. Heritage 2024, 7, 3932-3959. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7080186

AMA Style

Marazioti V, Douvas AM, Vouvoudi EC, Bikiaris D, Papadokostaki K, Nioras D, Gogolides E, Orfanoudakis S, Stergiopoulos T, Boyatzis S, et al. The Condition of Contemporary Murals in Sun-Exposed Urban Environments: A Model Study Based on Spray-Painted Mock-Ups and Simulated Light Ageing. Heritage. 2024; 7(8):3932-3959. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7080186

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marazioti, Varvara, Antonios M. Douvas, Evangelia C. Vouvoudi, Dimitrios Bikiaris, Kyriaki Papadokostaki, Dimitrios Nioras, Evangelos Gogolides, Spyros Orfanoudakis, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Stamatios Boyatzis, and et al. 2024. "The Condition of Contemporary Murals in Sun-Exposed Urban Environments: A Model Study Based on Spray-Painted Mock-Ups and Simulated Light Ageing" Heritage 7, no. 8: 3932-3959. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7080186

APA Style

Marazioti, V., Douvas, A. M., Vouvoudi, E. C., Bikiaris, D., Papadokostaki, K., Nioras, D., Gogolides, E., Orfanoudakis, S., Stergiopoulos, T., Boyatzis, S., & Facorellis, Y. (2024). The Condition of Contemporary Murals in Sun-Exposed Urban Environments: A Model Study Based on Spray-Painted Mock-Ups and Simulated Light Ageing. Heritage, 7(8), 3932-3959. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7080186

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