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J, Volume 8, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 3 articles

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26 pages, 4555 KB  
Article
Modeling the Mutual Dynamic Correlations of Words in Written Texts Using Multivariate Hawkes Processes
by Hiroshi Ogura, Yasutaka Hanada, Keitaro Osakabe and Masato Kondo
J 2025, 8(4), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/j8040040 - 14 Oct 2025
Abstract
The occurrence patterns of important words found in six texts (one historical pamphlet and five renowned academic books) are analyzed using both univariate and multivariate Hawkes processes. By treating the occurrence patterns as binary time-series data along the texts, we investigate how effectively [...] Read more.
The occurrence patterns of important words found in six texts (one historical pamphlet and five renowned academic books) are analyzed using both univariate and multivariate Hawkes processes. By treating the occurrence patterns as binary time-series data along the texts, we investigate how effectively univariate and multivariate Hawkes processes capture the characteristics of these word occurrence signals. Through maximum likelihood estimation and subsequent simulations, we found that the multivariate Hawkes process clearly outperforms the univariate Hawkes process in modeling word occurrence signals. Moreover, we found that the multivariate Hawkes process can provide a Hawkes graph, which serves as an intuitive representation of the relationships between concepts appearing in the analyzed text. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that the importance of concepts within a given text can be quantitatively estimated based on the optimized parameter values of the multivariate Hawkes process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of J—Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal in 2025)
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37 pages, 2156 KB  
Review
Experimental Fish Models in the Post-Genomic Era: Tools for Multidisciplinary Science
by Camila Carlino-Costa and Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
J 2025, 8(4), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/j8040039 - 2 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Fish have become increasingly prominent as experimental models due to their unique capacity to bridge basic biological research with translational applications across diverse scientific disciplines. Their biological traits, such as external fertilization, high fecundity, rapid embryonic development, and optical transparency, facilitate in vivo [...] Read more.
Fish have become increasingly prominent as experimental models due to their unique capacity to bridge basic biological research with translational applications across diverse scientific disciplines. Their biological traits, such as external fertilization, high fecundity, rapid embryonic development, and optical transparency, facilitate in vivo experimentation and real-time observation, making them ideal for integrative research. Species like zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have been extensively validated in genetics, toxicology, neuroscience, immunology, and pharmacology, offering robust platforms for modeling human diseases, screening therapeutic compounds, and evaluating environmental risks. This review explores the multidisciplinary utility of fish models, emphasizing their role in connecting molecular mechanisms to clinical and environmental outcomes. We address the main species used, highlight their methodological advantages, and discuss the regulatory and ethical frameworks guiding their use. Additionally, we examine current limitations and future directions, particularly the incorporation of high-throughput omics approaches and real-time imaging technologies. The growing scientific relevance of fish models reinforces their strategic value in advancing cross-disciplinary knowledge and fostering innovation in translational science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of J—Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal in 2025)
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18 pages, 2133 KB  
Article
A Simulation Game in Mineral Exploration: A Mineral Adventure from Exploration to Exploitation
by George Valakas, Daphne Sideri and Konstantinos Modis
J 2025, 8(4), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/j8040038 - 1 Oct 2025
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Abstract
In recent decades, simulation has emerged as a pivotal educational tool, bolstering scientific knowledge and honing decision-making skills across diverse disciplines. Surgery and flight simulators are well-known tools used to practice and train safely in surgeries and piloting. Meanwhile, the development of simulation [...] Read more.
In recent decades, simulation has emerged as a pivotal educational tool, bolstering scientific knowledge and honing decision-making skills across diverse disciplines. Surgery and flight simulators are well-known tools used to practice and train safely in surgeries and piloting. Meanwhile, the development of simulation games advances in other scientific fields, such as economics, management, engineering, and mathematics. These simulations offer learners a risk-free virtual platform to apply and refine their knowledge, leveraging animations, graphics, and interactive environments to enrich the learning experience. In engineering, while simulation is widely utilized as a powerful training tool for heavy equipment and process handling, the creation of strategy games for educational purposes is less frequent. This gap primarily stems from the challenge of converting complex engineering concepts and theories into a user-friendly yet comprehensive setup that preserves the more difficult aspects. This study adopts a design-based research approach to develop and evaluate an educational simulation game aimed at enhancing probabilistic and spatial reasoning in mineral exploration. The application generates random scenarios, within which users deploy strategies based on their knowledge, while accommodating the randomness of physical phenomena. The simulation game is adopted as an educational tool in the course “Introduction to Mineral Exploration” in the School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens. Additionally, we present the outcomes of game analytics and a qualitative evaluation derived from three workshops at higher education institutions in Greece. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of J—Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal in 2025)
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