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Review

A Review of Drone Technology and Operation Processes in Agricultural Crop Spraying

by
Argelia García-Munguía
1,
Paloma Lucía Guerra-Ávila
1,
Efraín Islas-Ojeda
2,
Jorge Luis Flores-Sánchez
3,
Otilio Vázquez-Martínez
1,
Alberto Margarito García-Munguía
1,* and
Otilio García-Munguía
4,*
1
Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad # 940, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico
2
Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad # 940, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico
3
Insituto Tecnológico El Llano de Aguascalientes, México 70, Aguascalientes 20330, Mexico
4
Departamento de Agronegocios, Centro de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad # 940, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Drones 2024, 8(11), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110674
Submission received: 14 October 2024 / Revised: 5 November 2024 / Accepted: 7 November 2024 / Published: 14 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Crop Protection Using UAV and UGV)
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Abstract

Precision agriculture is revolutionizing the management and production of agricultural crops. The development of new technologies in agriculture, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has proven to be an efficient option for spraying various compounds on crops. UAVs significantly contribute to enhancing precision agriculture. This review aims to determine whether integrating advanced precision technologies into drones for crop spraying enhances spraying accuracy compared to drones utilizing standard spraying technologies. To achieve this, 100 articles published between 2019 and 2024 were selected and analyzed. The information was summarized into five main areas: (1) improved spraying with agricultural drone technologies, (2) operational parameters, (3) spraying applications of chemical and natural compounds with agricultural drones, (4) evaluations of control pest efficacy, and (5) considerable limitations. Finally, considerations are presented on the advantages of drone technology with artificial intelligence (AI); the practical effects of reducing pesticides, which, in some cases, have reached a reduction of 30% compared to the recommended dose; and future directions for improving precision agriculture. The use of drones in precision agriculture presents technical and scientific challenges for the maximization of spraying efficiency and the minimization of agrochemical use.
Keywords: drone; unmanned aerial vehicle; crop; agrochemicals; adjuvants; entomopathogenic microorganisms; precision agriculture drone; unmanned aerial vehicle; crop; agrochemicals; adjuvants; entomopathogenic microorganisms; precision agriculture
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MDPI and ACS Style

García-Munguía, A.; Guerra-Ávila, P.L.; Islas-Ojeda, E.; Flores-Sánchez, J.L.; Vázquez-Martínez, O.; García-Munguía, A.M.; García-Munguía, O. A Review of Drone Technology and Operation Processes in Agricultural Crop Spraying. Drones 2024, 8, 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110674

AMA Style

García-Munguía A, Guerra-Ávila PL, Islas-Ojeda E, Flores-Sánchez JL, Vázquez-Martínez O, García-Munguía AM, García-Munguía O. A Review of Drone Technology and Operation Processes in Agricultural Crop Spraying. Drones. 2024; 8(11):674. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110674

Chicago/Turabian Style

García-Munguía, Argelia, Paloma Lucía Guerra-Ávila, Efraín Islas-Ojeda, Jorge Luis Flores-Sánchez, Otilio Vázquez-Martínez, Alberto Margarito García-Munguía, and Otilio García-Munguía. 2024. "A Review of Drone Technology and Operation Processes in Agricultural Crop Spraying" Drones 8, no. 11: 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110674

APA Style

García-Munguía, A., Guerra-Ávila, P. L., Islas-Ojeda, E., Flores-Sánchez, J. L., Vázquez-Martínez, O., García-Munguía, A. M., & García-Munguía, O. (2024). A Review of Drone Technology and Operation Processes in Agricultural Crop Spraying. Drones, 8(11), 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110674

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