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Abstract

Infant Feeding Index among the Growing up in New Zealand Cohort: Adherence to the National Food and Nutrition Guidelines †

by
Sarah Gerritsen
1,
Clare R. Wall
2,
Cameron C. Grant
3,
Juliana A. Teixeira
4,
Dirce M. Marchioni
4,
Avinesh Pillai
5,
Susan M.B. Morton
5 and
Teresa Gontijo de Castro
6,*
1
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
2
Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
3
Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
4
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
5
Centre for Longitudinal Research, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
6
Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 2018 Nutrition Society of New Zealand Annual Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, 28–30 November 2018.
Proceedings 2019, 8(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008055
Published: 18 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2018 Annual Meeting of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand)
Versions Notes
Background: Research on infant feeding tends to focus on discrete practices, making it difficult to summarize this critical period to reflect the whole infant diet simultaneously. We aimed to create an infant feeding index (IFI) which measures overall adherence to the New Zealand Ministry of Health Food and Nutrition guidelines for infants, and investigate associations between index scores and socio-demographic characteristics.
Methods: Data on 6435 infants were collected in the Growing Up in New Zealand study at the antenatal, 6-week, 9-month and 31-month interviews. Based in statements in the Ministry of Health guidelines, the IFI encompassed indicators of: breastfeeding, age of food introduction and food intake at 9-months of age (using a food frequency questionnaire). The IFI has a maximum of 100 points and contains 4 equally-weighted domains (Breastfeeding; Introduction to solids; Eating a variety of foods and; Appropriate foods and drinks). Associations of the child and mother characteristics with the IFI scores were examined using a multiple linear regression model (p < 0.05).
Results: The IFI median (interquartile range) score was 70.0 points [56.87; 82.50]. The lower the level of maternal education and age of the mother, the lower the IFI score. Infants of mothers of Māori, Asian, Pacific and other ethnicities scored, respectively, 7.8, 6.6, 5.0 and 2.6 less points on the IFI in comparison with European mothers. Infants living in more deprived neighbourhoods (NZDep deciles 5–10), whose mothers did not have a partner during pregnancy, and did not attend childbirth preparation classes also had lower scores on the IFI in comparison with reference groups.
Conclusions: This is the first IFI created in NZ using data that is generalizable to all NZ births from 2007-2010. Socio-economic inequalities in overall adherence to the infant feeding guidelines call for interventions that aim to reduce inequalities during infancy in NZ.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gerritsen, S.; Wall, C.R.; Grant, C.C.; Teixeira, J.A.; Marchioni, D.M.; Pillai, A.; Morton, S.M.B.; Castro, T.G.d. Infant Feeding Index among the Growing up in New Zealand Cohort: Adherence to the National Food and Nutrition Guidelines. Proceedings 2019, 8, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008055

AMA Style

Gerritsen S, Wall CR, Grant CC, Teixeira JA, Marchioni DM, Pillai A, Morton SMB, Castro TGd. Infant Feeding Index among the Growing up in New Zealand Cohort: Adherence to the National Food and Nutrition Guidelines. Proceedings. 2019; 8(1):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerritsen, Sarah, Clare R. Wall, Cameron C. Grant, Juliana A. Teixeira, Dirce M. Marchioni, Avinesh Pillai, Susan M.B. Morton, and Teresa Gontijo de Castro. 2019. "Infant Feeding Index among the Growing up in New Zealand Cohort: Adherence to the National Food and Nutrition Guidelines" Proceedings 8, no. 1: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008055

APA Style

Gerritsen, S., Wall, C. R., Grant, C. C., Teixeira, J. A., Marchioni, D. M., Pillai, A., Morton, S. M. B., & Castro, T. G. d. (2019). Infant Feeding Index among the Growing up in New Zealand Cohort: Adherence to the National Food and Nutrition Guidelines. Proceedings, 8(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008055

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