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Fractal Fract
Volume 10
Issue 3
10.3390/fractalfract10030182
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Article

Dynamic Compensation Strategy for Beam Pointing Based on Cascaded Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings Using Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array

by
Mingkan Ta
1,
Chunyang Wang
1,2,*,
Xuelian Liu
1,
Jinyang Yu
2,
Jiliang Jin
1 and
Da Xie
1
1
Xi’an Key Laboratory of Active Optoelectronic Imaging Detection Technology, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China
2
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fractal Fract. 2026, 10(3), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract10030182
Submission received: 29 January 2026 / Revised: 28 February 2026 / Accepted: 8 March 2026 / Published: 11 March 2026
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Abstract

As a core non-mechanical beam-steering device, cascaded liquid crystal polarization gratings (CLCPGs) suffer from insufficient pointing accuracy due to inherent fabrication and assembly errors, which must be compensated by liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA). However, in practical working conditions, LCOPA is vulnerable to coupled internal and external disturbances as well as inherent time delays, which prevent accurate compensation and limit the performance of the integrated system. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel composite control strategy. An improved observer and an improved Smith predictor are designed to estimate and compensate for the total disturbances and time delays, and parameter tuning is accomplished using the phase margin method. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated on a LCOPA coarse–fine two-stage compensation system experimental platform. The results demonstrate that the strategy can effectively suppress disturbances and compensate for LCOPA errors, reducing the overall pointing error by more than 30% and increasing the dynamic response speed by 25%, while exhibiting excellent robustness and stability. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the engineering application of high-precision CLCPG scanning systems.
Keywords: non-mechanical beam steering; cascaded liquid crystal polarization gratings; liquid crystal optical phased array; composite control strategy; improved observer; phase margin method non-mechanical beam steering; cascaded liquid crystal polarization gratings; liquid crystal optical phased array; composite control strategy; improved observer; phase margin method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ta, M.; Wang, C.; Liu, X.; Yu, J.; Jin, J.; Xie, D. Dynamic Compensation Strategy for Beam Pointing Based on Cascaded Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings Using Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array. Fractal Fract. 2026, 10, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract10030182

AMA Style

Ta M, Wang C, Liu X, Yu J, Jin J, Xie D. Dynamic Compensation Strategy for Beam Pointing Based on Cascaded Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings Using Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array. Fractal and Fractional. 2026; 10(3):182. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract10030182

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ta, Mingkan, Chunyang Wang, Xuelian Liu, Jinyang Yu, Jiliang Jin, and Da Xie. 2026. "Dynamic Compensation Strategy for Beam Pointing Based on Cascaded Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings Using Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array" Fractal and Fractional 10, no. 3: 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract10030182

APA Style

Ta, M., Wang, C., Liu, X., Yu, J., Jin, J., & Xie, D. (2026). Dynamic Compensation Strategy for Beam Pointing Based on Cascaded Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings Using Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array. Fractal and Fractional, 10(3), 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract10030182

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