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Article

Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia

by
Yohannes Babo
1,*,
Bihil Seremolo
1,
Mamush Bogale
1,
Ahmed Bedru
1,
Yasin Wabe
2,
Haba Churako
3,
Alemu Bilat
4,
Tamiru Degaga
5,
Petra de Haas
6,
Edine Tiemersma
6 and
Degu Jerene
6
1
KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, P.O. Box 703 Code 1110, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2
Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Worabe, Ethiopia
3
Wolaita Sodo University Hospital, Wolaita, Ethiopia
4
Nigist Eleni Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hossana, Ethiopia
5
College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
6
KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Maanweg 174, 2516 AB The Hague, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(7), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070350
Submission received: 25 May 2023 / Revised: 28 June 2023 / Accepted: 29 June 2023 / Published: 30 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis: Novel Insights and Approaches to Tackle an Ancient Disease)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The introduction of stool as a readily obtainable sample and the recently developed simple one-step (SOS) stool processing method on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) offer an opportunity for TB diagnosis in children. We conducted this study in secondary health facilities in Ethiopia, which are the first-level referral facilities for childhood TB diagnosis and treatment, with the aim to determine if stool-based TB diagnosis can be performed with a reasonable level of concordance with sputum tests using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra. Eligible children 0–14 years old with presumptive pulmonary TB were asked to provide stools in addition to routinely requested sputum samples. We determined the level of agreement between the stool and sputum test results. Of the 373 children included in the study, 61% were <5 years of age and 56% were male. Thirty-six children (9.7%) were diagnosed with TB, and all started treatment. The rate of concordance between stool and sputum was high, with a kappa value of 0.83 (p < 0.001). There were more Xpert Ultra positive results on stool (n = 27 (7.2%)) than on sputum/NGA (n = 23 (6.2%)). Laboratories in secondary hospitals can perform stool-based TB diagnosis in children, with high concordance between stool and sputum test results reaffirming the applicability of the SOS stool method.
Keywords: simple one-step (SOS); stool; Xpert MTB/RIF (Ultra) assay; children simple one-step (SOS); stool; Xpert MTB/RIF (Ultra) assay; children

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Babo, Y.; Seremolo, B.; Bogale, M.; Bedru, A.; Wabe, Y.; Churako, H.; Bilat, A.; Degaga, T.; de Haas, P.; Tiemersma, E.; et al. Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070350

AMA Style

Babo Y, Seremolo B, Bogale M, Bedru A, Wabe Y, Churako H, Bilat A, Degaga T, de Haas P, Tiemersma E, et al. Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(7):350. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070350

Chicago/Turabian Style

Babo, Yohannes, Bihil Seremolo, Mamush Bogale, Ahmed Bedru, Yasin Wabe, Haba Churako, Alemu Bilat, Tamiru Degaga, Petra de Haas, Edine Tiemersma, and et al. 2023. "Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 7: 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070350

APA Style

Babo, Y., Seremolo, B., Bogale, M., Bedru, A., Wabe, Y., Churako, H., Bilat, A., Degaga, T., de Haas, P., Tiemersma, E., & Jerene, D. (2023). Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Results of Stool and Sputum in Children with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(7), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070350

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