Mixed Logic Dynamic Models for MPC Control of Wind Farm Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Nomenclature
2. System Description and Modeling
2.1. Power Demand Reference Model
2.2. Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell Models
2.3. Hydrogen Storage Model
2.4. Feasibility and Operating Constraints
2.5. Power Balance Constraint
3. Implementation of the Proposed MPC Controller
3.1. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell Cost Functions
3.2. Load Tracking Cost Function
3.3. MPC Formulation
- protection of the hydrogen storage tank from excessive discharging and overcharging;
- limitation of the power rate of the fuel cell and of the electrolyzer to protect them;
- tracking of the power reference request according to the forecasted conditions;
- in case an expected event occurs, the fuel cell is employed as a contingent energy storage system to satisfy the power demand.
4. Case Study
5. Simulations and Numerical Results
5.1. Example 1
5.2. Example 2
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A.
Appendix A.1. Constraints Formulation of the Logical States
Appendix A.2. Mathematical Model and Constraints Formulation of the State Transitions
References
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Parameters | Description |
---|---|
Hydrogen level in the storage unit [Nm3] | |
Maximum level of the hydrogen storage unit [Nm3] | |
Minimum level of the hydrogen storage unit [Nm3] | |
Maximum power level of the electrolyzer [] | |
Standby power of the electrolyzer [] | |
Minimum power level of the electrolyzer [] | |
Maximum power level of the fuel cell [] | |
Minimum power level of the fuel cell [] | |
Standby power of the fuel cell [] | |
Number of life hours of the electrolyzer | |
Number of life hours of the fuel cell | |
Number of per year life hours of the electrolyzer | |
Number of per year life hours of the fuel cell | |
Degradation rate of the electrolyzer at maximum input power and over the number of yearly life hours | |
Degradation rate of the fuel cell at maximum output power and over the number of yearly life hours | |
Electrolyzer stack replacement cost [€/] | |
Fuel cell stack replacement cost [€/] | |
Sampling period [] | |
T | Simulation horizon [] |
Forecasts | Description |
---|---|
Wind power production [] | |
Electrical load demand [] |
Variables | Description |
---|---|
On state of the electrolyzer | |
Off state of the electrolyzer | |
Standby state of the electrolyzer | |
On state of the fuel cell | |
Off state of the fuel cell | |
Standby state of the fuel cell | |
Electrical power of the electrolyzer [] | |
Electrical power of the fuel cell [] | |
Available system electrical power [] | |
Dumped electrical power [] | |
z | Electric power formulated as mixed logic dynamic (MLD) variables for the electrolyzer and the fuel cell [] |
Logical variables ON/OFF/STB states for the electrolyzer and the fuel cell | |
Electrolyzer degradation rate [Nm3/] | |
Fuel cell degradation rate [/Nm3] |
PEM Electrolyzer Parameters | |
---|---|
€ | |
€ | € |
€ | €/ |
€/ | |
= 8000 h | |
PEM Fuel cell Parameters | |
€ | |
€ | € |
€ | €/ |
€/ | |
= 8000 h | |
Hydrogen Tank Parameters | |
Volume = | Pressure 30 bar |
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Shehzad, M.F.; Abdelghany, M.B.; Liuzza, D.; Mariani, V.; Glielmo, L. Mixed Logic Dynamic Models for MPC Control of Wind Farm Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems. Inventions 2019, 4, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040057
Shehzad MF, Abdelghany MB, Liuzza D, Mariani V, Glielmo L. Mixed Logic Dynamic Models for MPC Control of Wind Farm Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems. Inventions. 2019; 4(4):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040057
Chicago/Turabian StyleShehzad, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Bakr Abdelghany, Davide Liuzza, Valerio Mariani, and Luigi Glielmo. 2019. "Mixed Logic Dynamic Models for MPC Control of Wind Farm Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems" Inventions 4, no. 4: 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040057