Genetic, Physiological, and Industrial Aspects of the Fructophilic Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Species, Starmerella bacillaris
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Genetic Aspects
2.1. Starmerella/Wickerhamiella Clade
2.2. S. bacillaris Genome
2.3. S. bacillaris Ploidy and Microsatellite Loci
2.4. S. bacillaris Species and Strain Identification
2.5. S. bacillaris Ecology
3. S. bacillaris Physiology
4. Industrial Application of S. bacillaris
4.1. S. bacillaris as a Co-Starter in Grape Must Fermentations
4.2. S. bacillaris and the Reduction in Ethanol Levels in Wines
4.3. Chemical Complexity of S. bacillaris and S. cerevisiae Fermented Beverages
4.4. Biocontrol Potential of S. bacillaris
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Restriction Enzyme | Fragment Size (bp) | ||
---|---|---|---|
S. bacillaris | C. stellata | S. bombicola | |
Uncut | 460 | 468 | 467 |
CfoI | 56 + 103 + 105 + 196 | 56 + 200 + 212 | 39 + 56 + 172 + 200 |
HaeIII | 460 | 468 | 54 + 87 + 138 + 326 |
HinfI | 225 + 235 | 229 + 239 | 8 + 227 + 232 |
DraI | 309 + 115 + 36 | 119 + 349 | 143 + 324 |
MboI | 22 + 145 + 293 | 22 + 135 + 149 + 162 | 22 + 137 + 138 + 170 |
Fermentation | S. cerevisiae | S. bacillaris | Inoculation Protocol | Metabolites (Ʃ) | Ref. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohols | Fatty Esters | Fatty Acids | Terpenes and C13 Norisoprenoids | lactones | Acetate Esters | Other | |||||
C. sauvignon 1 | Uvaferm BC | FC54 | S-24 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ≈ | [58] |
S-48 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ≈ | ||||
Merlot 1 | S-24 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ≈ | |||
S-48 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
Pinot noir 1 | S-24 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ≈ | |||
S-48 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
Shiraz 1 | S-24 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | - | ↓ | ≈ | |||
S-48 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | - | ↓ | ≈ | ||||
Chardonnay 1 | S-48 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | - | ↓ | ≈ | [83] | ||
Muscat 1 | S-48 | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | - | ↓ | ≈ | |||
Riesling 1 | S-48 | ≈ | ≈ | ↓ | ≈ | - | ↓ | ≈ | |||
Sauvignon blanc 1 | S-48 | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | - | ↓ | ≈ | |||
Golden delicious 2 | EC1118 | CHIAR4 | S-48 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | - | ↓ | ↑ | [27] |
PECO4 | S-48 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | - | ↓ | ↑ | |||
Sauvignon blanc 1 | PB2023 | MCR-9 | Co | ≈ | ↓ | ≈ | ↑ | ≈ | ↓ | ↓ | [63] |
K&M 1,3 | SacPK7 | StbPK9 | Co | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | - | ≈ | ≈ | [60] |
S-23 | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | - | ≈ | ≈ | ||||
M 4 | SRS1 | STS12 | Co | ↓ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | - | - | ≈ | [65] |
Macabeo | QA23 | CszB4 | Co | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | - | - | ≈ | - | [82] |
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Raymond Eder, M.L.; Rosa, A.L. Genetic, Physiological, and Industrial Aspects of the Fructophilic Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Species, Starmerella bacillaris. Fermentation 2021, 7, 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020087
Raymond Eder ML, Rosa AL. Genetic, Physiological, and Industrial Aspects of the Fructophilic Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Species, Starmerella bacillaris. Fermentation. 2021; 7(2):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020087
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaymond Eder, María Laura, and Alberto Luis Rosa. 2021. "Genetic, Physiological, and Industrial Aspects of the Fructophilic Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Species, Starmerella bacillaris" Fermentation 7, no. 2: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020087