Direct Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in Turbulent Open Channel Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Methodology
2.1. Problem Description
2.2. Flow Solver
2.3. Treatments of Particle Interface
2.4. Treatments of Particle Movements
3. Simulation Settings and Validation
3.1. Simulation Settings
3.2. Code Validation
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Fluid Statistics
4.2. Flow Structures
4.3. Particle Statistics
4.4. Particle Dynamics
4.5. Particle Clustering
4.6. Discussion on the Particle Concentration Distribution
5. Conclusions
- (i)
- The presence of heavy particles substantially reduces the maximum fluid streamwise velocity fluctuations, and this effect is more pronounced at a higher particle volume fraction. In the near-wall region, the fluid wall-normal and spanwise velocity fluctuations are both augmented when compared to the single-phase flow. The particles force the TKE to distribute in a more isotropic manner and also make the TKE more homogeneous in the wall-normal direction.
- (ii)
- By visualizing the vortical structures, it is found that particles suppress the generation of the large-scale coherent vortices and simultaneously create numerous small-scale vortices in the near-wall region. Particles have a tendency to reside in the low-speed velocity regions and alter the streaky structures to a less organized state.
- (iii)
- Third itemThe particle TKE is much smaller than the fluid TKE except in the region very close to the wall. Under the current parameter settings, the normalized vertical particle concentration profiles are self-similar. Additionally, a general match between the present concentration profile and a theoretical model is found.
- (iv)
- Owing to the settling effect, most particles accumulate in the vicinity of the bottom wall, where the particle-wall and particle-particle collisions and the particle-turbulence interactions are strongest. By tracking the particle trajectories, different modes of the sediment transport, such as resuspension, saltation, and rolling, are captured.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hu, L.; Dong, Z.; Peng, C.; Wang, L.-P. Direct Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in Turbulent Open Channel Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method. Fluids 2021, 6, 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060217
Hu L, Dong Z, Peng C, Wang L-P. Direct Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in Turbulent Open Channel Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method. Fluids. 2021; 6(6):217. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060217
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Liangquan, Zhiqiang Dong, Cheng Peng, and Lian-Ping Wang. 2021. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in Turbulent Open Channel Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method" Fluids 6, no. 6: 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060217