Figure 1.
Geometry of the cooling system for the three configurations. (a) Sketch of the right bank of the cooling system. (b) Sketch of the right bank of the cooling system with a second intake duct (In2) on the opposite side with respect to the old one (In1). (c) Sketch of a new single inlet geometry (left bank) obtained by inserting enlargements and restrictions to the old one and by moving downstream the outlet duct. All of the graphics are represented from an internal (left column) and external (right column) point of view.
Figure 1.
Geometry of the cooling system for the three configurations. (a) Sketch of the right bank of the cooling system. (b) Sketch of the right bank of the cooling system with a second intake duct (In2) on the opposite side with respect to the old one (In1). (c) Sketch of a new single inlet geometry (left bank) obtained by inserting enlargements and restrictions to the old one and by moving downstream the outlet duct. All of the graphics are represented from an internal (left column) and external (right column) point of view.
Figure 2.
Spatial discretization of the cooling system for the single-inlet configuration. (a) Computational mesh of the right bank of the cooling system. (b,c) Transversal sections of the computational mesh at (b) y = −0.250 m and (c) y = −0.325 m. (d) Longitudinal section of the computational mesh at the valve plane z = −0.01 m.
Figure 2.
Spatial discretization of the cooling system for the single-inlet configuration. (a) Computational mesh of the right bank of the cooling system. (b,c) Transversal sections of the computational mesh at (b) y = −0.250 m and (c) y = −0.325 m. (d) Longitudinal section of the computational mesh at the valve plane z = −0.01 m.
Figure 3.
Single-inlet cooling system characteristic loads. Pressure loss as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate.
Figure 3.
Single-inlet cooling system characteristic loads. Pressure loss as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate.
Figure 4.
Velocity and vorticity contour plots for the single-inlet geometry. Distribution of velocity (left) and vorticity (right) magnitude for G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s.
Figure 4.
Velocity and vorticity contour plots for the single-inlet geometry. Distribution of velocity (left) and vorticity (right) magnitude for G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s.
Figure 5.
Velocity magnitude colored streamlines for the single-inlet geometry. Velocity magnitude colored streamlines, starting from the inlet section, for G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s. Internal (left) and external (right) point of view.
Figure 5.
Velocity magnitude colored streamlines for the single-inlet geometry. Velocity magnitude colored streamlines, starting from the inlet section, for G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s. Internal (left) and external (right) point of view.
Figure 6.
Temperature patterns for T = 440 K for the single-inlet geometry. Temperature contour plots for T = 440 K and G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s.
Figure 6.
Temperature patterns for T = 440 K for the single-inlet geometry. Temperature contour plots for T = 440 K and G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s.
Figure 7.
Outflow temperature and transferred heat flux for the single-inlet geometry. (a) Mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G for 440 K. (b) Cylinder specific and total transferred heat flux as a function of G for 440 K. (c) Mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G for 400, 420, 440, and 460 K. (d) Total transferred heat flux as a function of G for 400, 420, 440, and 460 K.
Figure 7.
Outflow temperature and transferred heat flux for the single-inlet geometry. (a) Mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G for 440 K. (b) Cylinder specific and total transferred heat flux as a function of G for 440 K. (c) Mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G for 400, 420, 440, and 460 K. (d) Total transferred heat flux as a function of G for 400, 420, 440, and 460 K.
Figure 8.
Velocity streamlines and characteristic loads for the double-inlet geometry. (a) Velocity magnitude colored streamlines obtained for the double-inlet geometry for G = 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 kg/s. (b) Distribution of the pressure loss as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate.
Figure 8.
Velocity streamlines and characteristic loads for the double-inlet geometry. (a) Velocity magnitude colored streamlines obtained for the double-inlet geometry for G = 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 kg/s. (b) Distribution of the pressure loss as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate.
Figure 9.
Velocity streamlines and characteristic loads for the new single-inlet geometry. (a) Velocity magnitude colored streamlines obtained for the new single-inlet geometry for G = 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 kg/s (b) Pressure loss as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate.
Figure 9.
Velocity streamlines and characteristic loads for the new single-inlet geometry. (a) Velocity magnitude colored streamlines obtained for the new single-inlet geometry for G = 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 kg/s (b) Pressure loss as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate.
Figure 10.
Temperature patterns for the new single-inlet geometry. Temperature contour plots obtained for T = 440 K and G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s.
Figure 10.
Temperature patterns for the new single-inlet geometry. Temperature contour plots obtained for T = 440 K and G = 0.5 (a), 1.5 (b), and 2.5 (c) kg/s.
Figure 11.
Outflow temperature and transferred heat flux for the new geometry. (a) Mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G for 440 K. (b) Cylinder specific and total transferred heat flux as a function of inlet mass-flow rate for 440 K. (c) Comparison of the mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G and between the old and the new single-inlet geometry. (d) Total transferred heat flux as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate obtained with the old and the new geometry.
Figure 11.
Outflow temperature and transferred heat flux for the new geometry. (a) Mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G for 440 K. (b) Cylinder specific and total transferred heat flux as a function of inlet mass-flow rate for 440 K. (c) Comparison of the mass-averaged outflow temperature as a function of G and between the old and the new single-inlet geometry. (d) Total transferred heat flux as a function of the inlet mass-flow rate obtained with the old and the new geometry.
Table 1.
Mass-averaged temperature, cylinder-specific and total transferred heat flux for T = 440 K and G = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg/s obtained considering the single-inlet geometry.
Table 1.
Mass-averaged temperature, cylinder-specific and total transferred heat flux for T = 440 K and G = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg/s obtained considering the single-inlet geometry.
G [kg/s] | T [K] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] |
---|
0.5 | 362.6 | 9.6 | 6.9 | 4.4 | 40.8 |
1.0 | 360.2 | 17.5 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 71.4 |
1.5 | 359.2 | 25.4 | 16.3 | 9.0 | 100.7 |
2.0 | 358.7 | 32.9 | 21.3 | 11.4 | 130.3 |
2.5 | 358.5 | 40.8 | 25.9 | 13.9 | 160.5 |
Table 2.
Mass-averaged outflow temperature and total transferred heat flux tabulated as a function of G and T for the single-inlet geometry.
Table 2.
Mass-averaged outflow temperature and total transferred heat flux tabulated as a function of G and T for the single-inlet geometry.
| T = 400 K | T = 420 K | T = 440 K | T = 460 K |
---|
G [kg/s] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] |
0.5 | 359.3 | 33.7 | 360.9 | 37.1 | 362.6 | 40.8 | 364.3 | 44.3 |
1.0 | 357.1 | 58.7 | 358.7 | 65.1 | 360.2 | 71.4 | 361.7 | 77.8 |
1.5 | 356.3 | 82.4 | 357.9 | 92.7 | 359.2 | 100.7 | 360.7 | 109.9 |
2.0 | 355.8 | 107.1 | 357.4 | 119.3 | 358.7 | 130.3 | 360.2 | 142.3 |
2.5 | 355.5 | 129.0 | 357.0 | 145.6 | 358.5 | 160.5 | 359.9 | 175.3 |
Table 3.
Mass-averaged temperature, cylinder-specific and total transferred heat flux for T = 440 K and G = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg/s when considering the double-inlet geometry.
Table 3.
Mass-averaged temperature, cylinder-specific and total transferred heat flux for T = 440 K and G = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg/s when considering the double-inlet geometry.
G [kg/s] | T [K] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] |
---|
0.5 | 361.2 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 35.8 |
1.0 | 358.1 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 58.9 |
1.5 | 357.2 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 82.6 |
2.0 | 356.5 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 17.3 | 104.5 |
2.5 | 356.3 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 128.5 |
Table 4.
Mass-averaged outflow temperature and total transferred heat flux tabulated as a function of G and T for the double inlet geometry.
Table 4.
Mass-averaged outflow temperature and total transferred heat flux tabulated as a function of G and T for the double inlet geometry.
| T = 400 K | T = 420 K | T = 440 K | T = 460 K |
---|
G [kg/s] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] |
0.5 | 357.6 | 27.7 | 359.7 | 32.6 | 361.6 | 35.8 | 362.7 | 38.9 |
1.0 | 355.6 | 48.3 | 356.9 | 53.6 | 358.1 | 58.9 | 359.5 | 65.0 |
1.5 | 354.8 | 67.6 | 356.0 | 75.1 | 357.2 | 82.6 | 358.4 | 90.3 |
2.0 | 354.3 | 86.2 | 355.5 | 96.0 | 356.5 | 104.5 | 357.8 | 115.7 |
2.5 | 353.9 | 104.5 | 355.1 | 116.5 | 356.3 | 128.5 | 357.4 | 140.5 |
Table 5.
Mass-averaged temperature, cylinder-specific and total transferred heat flux for T = 440 K and G = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg/s when considering the new geometry.
Table 5.
Mass-averaged temperature, cylinder-specific and total transferred heat flux for T = 440 K and G = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg/s when considering the new geometry.
G [kg/s] | T [K] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] | Q [kW] |
---|
0.5 | 366.0 | 10.1 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 47.9 |
1.0 | 363.1 | 18.3 | 15.5 | 11.4 | 83.7 |
1.5 | 362.2 | 25.1 | 22.5 | 16.3 | 119.9 |
2.0 | 361.5 | 33.2 | 28.9 | 20.8 | 155.3 |
2.5 | 361.2 | 39.9 | 36.4 | 25.0 | 189.4 |
Table 6.
Mass-averaged outflow temperature and total transferred heat flux tabulated as a function of G and T for the new geometry.
Table 6.
Mass-averaged outflow temperature and total transferred heat flux tabulated as a function of G and T for the new geometry.
| T = 400 K | T = 420 K | T = 440 K | T = 460 K |
---|
G [kg/s] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] | T [K] | Q [kW] |
0.5 | 361.7 | 38.9 | 363.9 | 43.5 | 366.0 | 47.9 | 368.1 | 52.1 |
1.0 | 359.3 | 67.7 | 361.2 | 75.7 | 363.1 | 83.7 | 365.2 | 92.5 |
1.5 | 358.5 | 96.6 | 360.3 | 108.1 | 362.2 | 119.9 | 364.0 | 131.1 |
2.0 | 358.1 | 125.5 | 359.8 | 139.4 | 361.5 | 155.3 | 363.5 | 170.9 |
2.5 | 357.7 | 152.4 | 359.6 | 172.0 | 361.2 | 189.4 | 363.0 | 207.9 |