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Article

Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species

by
Xin Dong
1,
Feifei Jiang
1,
Dongdong Duan
1,2,
Zhen Tian
1,
Huining Liu
1,
Yinan Zhang
1,
Fujiang Hou
1,
Zhibiao Nan
1 and
Tao Chen
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2023, 9(10), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9101016
Submission received: 14 September 2023 / Revised: 3 October 2023 / Accepted: 10 October 2023 / Published: 14 October 2023
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Abstract

Fungal endophytes are harboured in the leaves of every individual plant host and contribute to plant health, leaf senescence, and early decomposition. In grasslands, fungal endophytes and their hosts often coexist with large herbivores. However, the influence of grazing by large herbivores on foliar fungal endophyte communities remains largely unexplored. We conducted a long-term (18 yr) grazing experiment to explore the effects of grazing on the community composition and diversity of the foliar fungal endophytes of two perennial grassland species (i.e., Artemisia capillaris and Stipa bungeana) across one growing season. Grazing significantly increased the mean fungal alpha diversity of A. capillaris in the early season. In contrast, grazing significantly reduced the mean fungal alpha diversity of endophytic fungi of S. bungeana in the late season. Grazing, growing season, and their interactions concurrently structured the community composition of the foliar fungal endophytes of both plant species. However, growing season consistently outperformed grazing and environmental factors in shaping the community composition and diversity of both plant species. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition differed in response to grazing between A. capillaris and S. bungeana during one growing season. The focus on this difference will enhance our understanding of grazing’s impact on ecological systems and improve land management practices in grazing regions. This variation in the effects of leaf nutrients and plant community characteristics on foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition may have a pronounced impact on plant health and plant–fungal interactions.
Keywords: foliar endophytic fungal community; grassland; grazing; plant community characteristic; plant nutrient; seasonal trajectory foliar endophytic fungal community; grassland; grazing; plant community characteristic; plant nutrient; seasonal trajectory

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dong, X.; Jiang, F.; Duan, D.; Tian, Z.; Liu, H.; Zhang, Y.; Hou, F.; Nan, Z.; Chen, T. Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9101016

AMA Style

Dong X, Jiang F, Duan D, Tian Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Hou F, Nan Z, Chen T. Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(10):1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9101016

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong, Xin, Feifei Jiang, Dongdong Duan, Zhen Tian, Huining Liu, Yinan Zhang, Fujiang Hou, Zhibiao Nan, and Tao Chen. 2023. "Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 10: 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9101016

APA Style

Dong, X., Jiang, F., Duan, D., Tian, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Hou, F., Nan, Z., & Chen, T. (2023). Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species. Journal of Fungi, 9(10), 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9101016

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