The Honeybee Gut Mycobiota Cluster by Season versus the Microbiota which Cluster by Gut Segment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Gut Dissection
2.3. DNA Extraction
2.4. qPCR
2.5. Illumina Sequencing
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Higher Bacterial Abundance than Fungal Abundance in All Gut Parts across the Entire Season
3.2. Observed Fungal Species Diversity Peaks during Foraging Months
3.3. Fungal Communities Cluster by Months and Bacterial Communities Cluster by Gut Parts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ludvigsen, J.; Andersen, Å.; Hjeljord, L.; Rudi, K. The Honeybee Gut Mycobiota Cluster by Season versus the Microbiota which Cluster by Gut Segment. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8010004
Ludvigsen J, Andersen Å, Hjeljord L, Rudi K. The Honeybee Gut Mycobiota Cluster by Season versus the Microbiota which Cluster by Gut Segment. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudvigsen, Jane, Åsmund Andersen, Linda Hjeljord, and Knut Rudi. 2021. "The Honeybee Gut Mycobiota Cluster by Season versus the Microbiota which Cluster by Gut Segment" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8010004