Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sialic Acid Receptor Distribution and Influenza Virus Tissue Tropism in Ducks and Chickens
3. Factors Affecting Susceptibility to Disease in Mallards
3.1. Susceptibility of Different Anseriform Species
3.2. Age of Birds
3.3. Viral Strain-Dependent Differences in Infection Outcome
4. Innate Immune Signaling—Pro-Inflammatory and Interferon Responses
4.1. Inflammation
4.2. Type I and III Interferon Responses
5. Influenza Virus Pattern Recognition—RIG-I-Like Receptors
5.1. RIG-I
5.2. MDA5
5.3. LGP2
5.4. RLR-Signaling Pathway
6. Modifiers of RIG-I/MAVS Signaling
6.1. Ubiquitin Ligases: TRIM25, Riplet, and RNF125
6.2. TRIM27-L and TRIM27.1
6.3. ZAP
6.4. STING
7. Influenza Virus Pattern Recognition—Duck Toll-Like Receptors
7.1. TLR7 and TLR 8
7.2. TLR3 and TRIF
8. Other Pattern Recognition Receptors Relevant to Influenza Infection
8.1. LSm14A—A Possible Viral RNA Sensor in Ducks
8.2. NLRP3
9. Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs)
9.1. Viperin
9.2. IFIT5
9.3. PKR
9.4. CCL19
9.5. Mx
9.6. OASL
9.7. IFITM3
10. Viral Inhibition of Type I IFN Signaling—Influenza A Virus NS1
10.1. NS1 in Ducks
10.2. NS1 in Chickens
10.3. Species-Specificity of the C-Terminal PDZ-Binding Motif
11. Other Potential Mechanisms of Influenza Disease Resistance in Mallards
11.1. Rapid Apoptotic Response
11.2. Limiting Inflammation with USP18
11.3. Humoral Adaptive Immunity
11.4. Cellular Adaptive Immunity
11.5. MicroRNA Regulation
12. Final Note on Comparing Duck and Chicken Innate Immune Responses to Influenza Infection
13. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Ensembl ID |
---|---|
RSAD2 (Viperin) | ENSAPLT00000006241 |
IFIT5 | ENSAPLT00000001602 |
CCL4 | ENSAPLT00000010196 |
EIF2AK2 (PKR) | ENSAPLT00000010258 |
ISG15 | ENSAPLT00000016054 |
IL4I1 | ENSAPLT00000016724 |
USP18 | ENSAPLT00000007808 |
EPSTI1 | ENSAPLT00000005561 |
CMPK2 | ENSAPLT00000006212 |
CCL19 | ENSAPLT00000005578 |
MX | ENSAPLT00000016707 |
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Evseev, D.; Magor, K.E. Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens. Vet. Sci. 2019, 6, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010005
Evseev D, Magor KE. Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvseev, Danyel, and Katharine E. Magor. 2019. "Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens" Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010005