Survey of Pain Knowledge and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats by Colombian Veterinarians
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Questionnaire
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pain Assessment
3.2. Pain Control
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Distribution |
---|---|
Gender | 76 males (58%) |
55 females (42%) | |
Age | |
Between 23–35 | 73 (56.1%) |
Between 36–50 | 38 (29.2%) |
>50 years | 19 (14.6%) |
Type of practice | |
Consulting office | 43 (32.8%) |
Clinic | 60 (45.8%) |
Hospital | 28 (21.4%) |
Years in practice | |
2–10 | 83 (64.3%) |
11–20 | 27 (20.9%) |
>20 | 19 (14.7%) |
Institution of graduation | |
Univ. of Antioquia | 101 (77%) |
Others | 32 (23%) |
Pain Indicator | Number of Veterinarians Citing (%) * | |
---|---|---|
Dogs | Cats | |
Abnormal postures or body position (tucked abdomen, arching, crouching postures, squinted eyes, sitting quietly seeking no attention) | 89 (68%) | 64 (50%) |
Mobility (reluctance to move, lameness, slow pace) | 70 (53.4%) | 57 (45%) |
Response to manipulation/palpation | 69 (52.7%) | 48 (38%) |
Behavior/Activity (Unusual: “apathy, restlessness, aggression, anxiety, reduced interaction, hiding in cats”. Absence of normal: “lack of grooming in cats, reluctance to jump up, soiling outside the litter box”) | 59 (45%) | 82 (64%) |
Anamnesis (history of signs provided by owner) | 46 (35%) | 46 (35%) |
Physiological variables (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature) | 37 (28%) | 33 (26%) |
Vocalization (hauling, crying) | 10 (8%) | 17 (13%) |
Appetite (inappetence) | 10 (8%) | 30 (24%) |
Facial expression | 2 (2%) | 8 (7%) |
Side Effect | Frequency (%) * | |
---|---|---|
Dogs | Cats | |
Respiratory depression | 48 (36.6%) | 44 (33.5%) |
Hypotension | 38 (20%) | 32 (24.4%) |
Vomiting | 27 (20.6%) | 26 (19.8%) |
Bradycardia | 26 (19.8%) | 14 (10.7%) |
Nausea and/or panting | 16 (12.2%) | 17 (13%) |
Sedation | 15 (11.4%) | 12 (9.2%) |
Excitation | 11 (8.4%) | 20 (15.2%) |
Gut hypomotility | 11 (8.4%) | 10 (7.6%) |
Urinary retention | 5 (3.8%) | 5 (3.8%) |
Convulsions | 5 (3.8%) | 7 (5.3%) |
Diarrhea | 2 (1.5%) | 2 (1.5%) |
Dysphoria | 2 (1.5%) | 11 (8.4%) |
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Morales-Vallecilla, C.; Ramírez, N.; Villar, D.; Díaz, M.C.; Bustamante, S.; Ferguson, D. Survey of Pain Knowledge and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats by Colombian Veterinarians. Vet. Sci. 2019, 6, 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010006
Morales-Vallecilla C, Ramírez N, Villar D, Díaz MC, Bustamante S, Ferguson D. Survey of Pain Knowledge and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats by Colombian Veterinarians. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6(1):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010006
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorales-Vallecilla, Carlos, Nicolas Ramírez, David Villar, Maria Camila Díaz, Sandra Bustamante, and Duncan Ferguson. 2019. "Survey of Pain Knowledge and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats by Colombian Veterinarians" Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1: 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010006