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Article

Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata)

by
Saransiri Nuanmanee
1,
Preeyanan Sriwanayos
2,
Khemmapat Boonyo
3,
Wasana Chaisri
4,
Banthita Saengsitthisak
5,
Preechaya Tajai
6 and
Surachai Pikulkaew
4,7,*
1
Songkhla Aquatic Animal Health Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, Songkhla 90100, Thailand
2
Aquatic Animal Health Research and Development Division, Department of Fisheries, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
3
Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
5
Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
6
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
7
Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(4), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040165
Submission received: 18 February 2024 / Revised: 30 March 2024 / Accepted: 4 April 2024 / Published: 6 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthesia and Analgesia of Aquatic Animals)

Simple Summary

This study examined the synergistic effect of eugenol and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) on anesthesia in female guppy fish. The results showed that eugenol induced fish anesthesia at concentrations of 50 and 70 mg/L, with durations of 256.5 and 171.5 s, respectively. 1,8-cineole did not induce fish anesthesia. Combining eugenol with 1,8-cineole resulted in the faster induction of anesthesia and a longer recovery time. This study concluded that eugenol and 1,8-cineole work better together as anesthetics, demonstrating the safety of using these agents on guppy fish.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect between eugenol and 1,8-cineole on anesthesia in female guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Experiment I evaluated the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/L of eugenol and 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L of 1,8-cineole for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Experiment II divided fish into 16 study groups, combining eugenol and 1,8-cineole in pairs at varying concentrations, based on the dosage of the chemicals in experiment I. The results of the anesthesia showed that eugenol induced fish anesthesia at concentrations of 50 and 70 mg/L, with durations of 256.5 and 171.5 s, respectively. In contrast, 1,8-cineole did not induce fish anesthesia. In combination, using eugenol at 12.5 mg/L along with 1,8-cineole at 400 mg/L resulted in fish anesthesia at a time of 224.5 s. Increasing the eugenol concentration to 25 mg/L, combined with 1,8-cineole at 300 and 400 mg/L, induced fish anesthesia at times of 259.0 and 230.5 s, respectively. For treatments with eugenol at 50 mg/L combined with 1,8-cineole at 100 to 400 mg/L, fish exhibited anesthesia at times of 189.5, 181.5, 166.0, and 157.5 s. In the case of eugenol at 75 mg/L, fish showed anesthesia at times of 175.5, 156.5, 140.5, and 121.5 s, respectively. The testing results revealed that 1,8-cineole as a single treatment could not induce fish anesthesia. However, when supplementing 1,8-cineole in formulations containing eugenol, fish exhibited a significantly faster induction of anesthesia (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all fish that underwent anesthesia were able to fully recover without any mortality. However, the shorter anesthesia duration resulted in a significantly prolonged recovery time. In conclusion, eugenol and 1,8-cineole work better together as anesthetics than when used separately, and demonstrated the safety of using these anesthetic agents on guppy fish.
Keywords: eugenol; 1,8-cineole; anesthesia; synergistic effect; guppy eugenol; 1,8-cineole; anesthesia; synergistic effect; guppy

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Nuanmanee, S.; Sriwanayos, P.; Boonyo, K.; Chaisri, W.; Saengsitthisak, B.; Tajai, P.; Pikulkaew, S. Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata). Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040165

AMA Style

Nuanmanee S, Sriwanayos P, Boonyo K, Chaisri W, Saengsitthisak B, Tajai P, Pikulkaew S. Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata). Veterinary Sciences. 2024; 11(4):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040165

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuanmanee, Saransiri, Preeyanan Sriwanayos, Khemmapat Boonyo, Wasana Chaisri, Banthita Saengsitthisak, Preechaya Tajai, and Surachai Pikulkaew. 2024. "Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata)" Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 4: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040165

APA Style

Nuanmanee, S., Sriwanayos, P., Boonyo, K., Chaisri, W., Saengsitthisak, B., Tajai, P., & Pikulkaew, S. (2024). Synergistic Effect between Eugenol and 1,8-Cineole on Anesthesia in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata). Veterinary Sciences, 11(4), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040165

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