Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet: The Protective Effect of Chronic Treatment with Purple Grape Juice (Bordo Variety)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Effect of HFD and Purple Grape Juice Treatment on the Pattern of Food and Drink Intake
3.2. Effect of HFD and Grape Juice Treatment on the Animals’ Body Composition
3.3. Effect of HFD and Grape Juice Treatment on the Capillary Glucose Levels
3.4. Effect of HFD and Grape Juice Treatment on Biochemical Parameters
3.5. Effect of HFD and Grape Juice Treatment on TBARS Measurement
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Standard Diet | High-Fat Diet | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composition (p/p) | % Weight | Energy Density (kcal/kg) | % Energy | % Weight | Energy Density (kcal/kg) | % Energy |
Proteins | 22 | 880 | 25.5 | 26.7 | 1068 | 21 |
Lipids | 4.5 | 400.5 | 11.7 | 33.5 | 3015 | 59 |
Carbohydrates | 54 | 2160 | 62.8 | 26.0 | 1040 | 20 |
Fibers | 8.0 | 0 | 0 | 9.8 | 0 | 0 |
Vitamins/Minerals | 5.0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
Energy | - | 3440 | - | - | 5123 | - |
Conventional Grape Juice | Organic Grape Juice | |
---|---|---|
Total acidity (g% tartaric acid) | 0.72 ± 0.0 | 1.01 ± 0.01 * |
Volatile acidity (g% tartaric acid) | 0.02 ± 0.0 | 0.03 ± 0.00 * |
Carbohydrates (g/100 g) | 12.60 ± 0.1 | 11.67 ± 0.11 * |
Moisture (g/L) | 153.37 ± 0.2 | 143.30 ± 0.14 |
Ashes (g/L) | 3.30 ± 0.3 | 2.46 ± 0.62 * |
Reducing capacity (mg catechin equivalents/mL) | 72.30 ± 0.1 | 101.19 ± 0.02 * |
Resveratrol (ppm) | 0.210 ± 0.0 | 0.850 ± 0.01 * |
Control | HFD | HFD + CGJ | HFD + OGJ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (g) | 328.1 ± 14 | 317.1 ± 16 | 278.9 ± 5 * | 273.8 ± 10 * |
Weight gain (g) | 270.2 ± 48 | 253.2 ± 44 | 227.4 ± 11 | 219.0 ± 28 * |
Abdominal fat (g) | 10.2 ± 1 | 15.7 ± 2 ** | 9.6 ± 1 | 9.0 ± 1 |
Lee index | 35.4 ± 3 | 33.3 ± 2 | 35.1 ± 2 | 34.1 ± 1 |
Liver weight (g) | 9.7 ± 1 | 9.1 ± 1 | 8.8 ± 1 | 8.9 ± 1 |
Abdominal fat (g) total weight(g) | 2.6 ± 1 | 4.0 ± 1 ** | 3.1 ± 1 | 2.7 ± 1 |
Weight (g)/liver weight (g) | 36.6 ± 3 | 34.7 ± 4 | 31.6 ± 2 | 30.1 ± 3 * |
Control | HFD | HFD + CGJ | HFD + OGJ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose (mg/dL) | 74.7 ± 7 | 93.2 ± 5 | 99.5 ± 8 | 88.6 ± 4 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43.4 ± 4 | 50.2 ± 3 | 57.8 ± 3 | 53.7 ± 4 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 57.9 ± 6 | 50.4 ± 3 | 73.77 ± 8 | 65.60 ± 3 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.42 ± 0 | 0.45 ± 0 | 0.42 ± 0 | 0.44 ± 0 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 49.5 ± 2 | 38.9 ± 2 * | 39.6 ± 3 * | 30.8 ± 2 # |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 1.52 ± 0 | 1.48 ± 0 | 1.53 ± 0 | 1.62 ± 0 |
ALT (U/L) | 49.1 ± 3 | 41.0 ± 2 | 44.8 ± 4 | 40.1 ± 2 |
AST (U/L) | 147.2 ± 9 | 206.8 ± 9 * | 215.6 ± 14 * | 211.9 ± 21 * |
GGT (U/L) | 1.2 ± 0 | 2.3 ± 0 # | 1.7 ± 0 | 1.3 ± 0 |
LDH (U/L) | 346.3 ± 38 | 351.8 ± 15 | 355.2 ± 12 | 340.90 ± 44 |
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Dos Santos Lacerda, D.; Garbin de Almeida, M.; Teixeira, C.; De Jesus, A.; Da Silva Pereira Júnior, É.; Martins Bock, P.; Pegas Henriques, J.A.; Gomez, R.; Dani, C.; Funchal, C. Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet: The Protective Effect of Chronic Treatment with Purple Grape Juice (Bordo Variety). Beverages 2018, 4, 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040100
Dos Santos Lacerda D, Garbin de Almeida M, Teixeira C, De Jesus A, Da Silva Pereira Júnior É, Martins Bock P, Pegas Henriques JA, Gomez R, Dani C, Funchal C. Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet: The Protective Effect of Chronic Treatment with Purple Grape Juice (Bordo Variety). Beverages. 2018; 4(4):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040100
Chicago/Turabian StyleDos Santos Lacerda, Denise, Mariana Garbin de Almeida, Cláudia Teixeira, Alyne De Jesus, Édison Da Silva Pereira Júnior, Patrícia Martins Bock, João Antônio Pegas Henriques, Rosane Gomez, Caroline Dani, and Cláudia Funchal. 2018. "Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet: The Protective Effect of Chronic Treatment with Purple Grape Juice (Bordo Variety)" Beverages 4, no. 4: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040100