Estimating the Sediment Flux and Budget for a Data Limited Rift Valley Lake in Ethiopia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
2.1. Location and Topography
2.2. Climate
2.3. Hydrology
2.4. Geology, Soil, and Land Use
3. Methodology
3.1. Historical Data Collection
3.2. Field Data Collection
3.3. Estimating the Suspended Sediment Yield through Regression Relationship
3.4. Estimating the Sediment Deposition on Rivers Floodplains
3.5. Application of the Regression Relationships to Ungauged Watersheds
3.6. Sediment Trap Efficiency of Lake Ziway
3.7. Bedload Estimation
3.8. Sediment Balances of Lake Ziway
3.9. Sediment Volume and Lake SedimentTrapping Efficiency
4. Result and Discussion
4.1. Suspended Sediment Discharge from Gauged Catchments
4.1.1. Sediment Rating Curve Development
4.1.2. Predicted Sediment Concentrations in Each Monitoring Station
4.2. Suspended Sediment Discharge from the Ungauged Streams
4.3. Suspended Sediment Deposited in Floodplains
4.4. Estimated Bedload
4.5. Suspended Sediment Exported Out of Lake
4.6. Sediment Budget and Deposition Rates of the Lake
4.7. Uncertainties in Sediment Budget Calculation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistics | Performance Rating | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excellent | Very Good | Good | Fair | Unsatisfactory | |
(0.9–1) | (0.75–0.9) | (0.65–0.75) | (0.5–0.65) | (0–0.5) | |
(0.9–1) | (0.75–0.9) | 0.65–0.75) | (0.5–0.65) | (−∞–0.5) | |
(0–0.25) | (0.25–0.5) | (0.5–0.6) | (0.6–0.7) | (0.7–+∞) | |
(0–0.25) | (0.25–0.5) | (0.5–0.6) | (0.6–0.7) | (0.7–+∞) | |
(0–±5) | (±5–±15) | (±15–±30) | (±30–±55) | (±55–±∞) |
Rating Curve | Stations | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maki | Duguda | Abura | Fite | Bulbula | ||
Linear log-log Regression Log (SS) = a + b * log (Qw) | R2 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.96 |
NSE | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.96 | |
RSR | 0.46 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.21 | |
PBIAS | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.74 | 0.29 | −0.03 | |
RMSE | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.08 | |
Linear log-log Regression + CF Log (SS) = a + b * log (Qw) + CF | CF | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
R2 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.97 | |
NSE | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.96 | |
RSR | 0.48 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.39 | 0.21 | |
PBIAS | −3.33 | −3.42 | −4.23 | −4.06 | −0.49 | |
RMSE | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.08 | |
Non-Linear log-log Regression Log (SS) = a + b * (log Qw)c | R2 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.97 |
NSE | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.96 | |
RSR | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.21 | |
PBIAS | 0.02 | 0.06 | −0.61 | 0.28 | 0.38 | |
RMSE | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.08 |
River | Monitoring Station | Annual Sediment Yield (SY) in 103 Tons |
---|---|---|
Katar (Upper monitoring station) | Fite | 928.58 |
Katar (Lower monitoring station) | Abura | 726.04 |
Maki (Upper monitoring station) | Duguda | 1480.45 |
Maki (Lower monitoring station) | Maki | 1196.34 |
Main River (1) | Monitoring Station | SSC 103 ton/year | River Length Km | Rate of Floodplain Aggradation per km Length 103 ton/year (8) = ((4) − (5))/(6) | % of Upper Station SSC in Lower Station (9) = 100 × ((4) − (5))/(4) | Net SY into Lake (103 ton/year) (10) = (5) − ((7) × (8)) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper (2) | Lower (3) | Upper (4) | Lower (5) | Upper to Lower (6) | Lower to Lake (7) | ||||
Maki | Duguda | Maki | 1480.45 | 1196.34 | 41.56 | 15.39 | 6.84 | 19.2 | 1091.11 |
Katar | Fite | Abura | 928.58 | 726.04 | 37.46 | 13.60 | 5.41 | 22.0 | 652.51 |
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Aga, A.O.; Melesse, A.M.; Chane, B. Estimating the Sediment Flux and Budget for a Data Limited Rift Valley Lake in Ethiopia. Hydrology 2019, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010001
Aga AO, Melesse AM, Chane B. Estimating the Sediment Flux and Budget for a Data Limited Rift Valley Lake in Ethiopia. Hydrology. 2019; 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleAga, Alemu O., Assefa M. Melesse, and Bayou Chane. 2019. "Estimating the Sediment Flux and Budget for a Data Limited Rift Valley Lake in Ethiopia" Hydrology 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010001