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Article

Citrus limon Extract Loaded in Vesicular Systems for the Protection of Oral Cavity

by
Maria Manconi
1,
Maria Letizia Manca
1,
Carla Caddeo
1,
Giorgia Sarais
1,
Alessandra Palmieri
2,
Guy D’Hallewin
3 and
Anna Maria Fadda
1,*
1
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
2
Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
3
Institute of Science of Food Production UOS Sassari–CNR, 07100 Sassari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicines 2018, 5(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040108
Submission received: 31 August 2018 / Revised: 1 October 2018 / Accepted: 11 October 2018 / Published: 14 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle and Liposome Based Novel Drug Delivery Systems)
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Abstract

Background: The nanoincorporation of the extract of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck var. pompia into liposomes was aimed at improving its antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Methods: The extract of the rind of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck var. pompia was obtained by maceration in ethanol, evaporation, and freeze-drying. The extract phytochemical fingerprint was obtained by HPLC and mass spectrometry, and it was determined that gallic acid, neohesperidin, eriocitrin, and neoeriocitrin were the most abundant components. The freeze-dried extract was loaded in liposomes, glycerosomes, and penetration-enhancer-containing vesicles prepared with propylene glycol (PG-PEVs). Results: Capability of the vesicles of improving efficacy of the extract in counteracting oxidative stress was studied in vitro in keratinocytes, along with antimicrobial activity against planktonic cultures of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Conclusion: Results showed that the vesicles, especially glycerosomes and PG-PEVs, prevented oxidative damage and cell death, and inhibited bacterial proliferation.
Keywords: Citrus extract; antioxidant; antimicrobial; phospholipid vesicles; oxidative stress Citrus extract; antioxidant; antimicrobial; phospholipid vesicles; oxidative stress
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MDPI and ACS Style

Manconi, M.; Manca, M.L.; Caddeo, C.; Sarais, G.; Palmieri, A.; D’Hallewin, G.; Fadda, A.M. Citrus limon Extract Loaded in Vesicular Systems for the Protection of Oral Cavity. Medicines 2018, 5, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040108

AMA Style

Manconi M, Manca ML, Caddeo C, Sarais G, Palmieri A, D’Hallewin G, Fadda AM. Citrus limon Extract Loaded in Vesicular Systems for the Protection of Oral Cavity. Medicines. 2018; 5(4):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040108

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manconi, Maria, Maria Letizia Manca, Carla Caddeo, Giorgia Sarais, Alessandra Palmieri, Guy D’Hallewin, and Anna Maria Fadda. 2018. "Citrus limon Extract Loaded in Vesicular Systems for the Protection of Oral Cavity" Medicines 5, no. 4: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040108

APA Style

Manconi, M., Manca, M. L., Caddeo, C., Sarais, G., Palmieri, A., D’Hallewin, G., & Fadda, A. M. (2018). Citrus limon Extract Loaded in Vesicular Systems for the Protection of Oral Cavity. Medicines, 5(4), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040108

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