The Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Plasma and Their Effect on Mitochondrial DNA Methylation in the Oilfield Workers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Sample Collection
2.2. Determination of PAHs and PAH Derivatives in Plasma
2.2.1. Pretreatment
2.2.2. GC–MS Analysis
2.3. DNA Methylation Analysis
2.4. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA and QC)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PAH, MPAH, and OPAH Concentration Levels
3.2. mtDNA Methylation Levels
3.3. Association between mtDNA Methylation and Pollutant Exposure Levels
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Primer | Sequence |
---|---|---|
MT-COX1 | Forward primer (5′ to 3′) | TATTAATTGGTTTTTTAGGGTTTAT |
Reverse biotin primer (5′ to 3′) | CAACAAATCATTTCATATTACTTCC | |
Sequencing primer (5′ to 3′) | TATTTATAGTAGGAAT | |
MT-COX2 | Forward primer (5′ to 3′) | TTTATGAGTTGTTTTTATATTAGGTTTAAA |
Reverse biotin primer (5′ to 3′) | ACTCCACAAATTTCAAAACATTAAC | |
Sequencing primer (5′ to 3′) | TAAAAATAGATGTAAT | |
MT-COX3 | Forward primer (5′ to 3′) | TATATTATTTGTTTAAAAAGGTTTT |
Reverse biotin primer (5′ to 3′) | AATAAAAAACTCAAAAAAATCCTAC | |
Sequencing primer (5′ to 3′) | TATATTATTTGTTTAAAAAGGTTTT |
PAHs | Pre-Workshift | Post-Workshift | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Median (P25–P75) | Detection Frequency | Mean | Median, (P25–P75) | Detection Frequency | ||
Nap | 0 | 0 | 0% | 1.8 | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 44.4% | / |
Flo | 4.1 | 3.9 (2.6, 5.7) | 94.4% | 6.6 | 6.0 (3.7, 9.0) | 83.3% | 0.0304 * |
Phe | 14.6 | 13.3 (11.3, 19.2) | 100% | 23.4 | 22.1 (13.4, 29.1) | 83.3% | 0.0077 * |
Ant | 1.7 | 1.6 (1.5, 2.0) | 44.4% | 2.7 | 2.9 (1.9, 3.2) | 55.5% | 0.0013 * |
Flu | 3.3 | 3.5 (2.2, 3.8) | 94.4% | 6.0 | 5.2 (4.2, 7.7) | 72.2% | 0.0430 * |
Pyr | 7.7 | 6.1 (3.97, 7.8) | 100% | 8.2 | 7.6 (3.6, 11.6) | 94.4% | 0.9617 |
Nap-1 | 1.3 | 1.3 (1.3, 1.3) | 5.5% | 2.0 | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 33.3% | / |
Nap-2 | 1.4 | 1.1 (1.1, 1.6) | 44.4% | 2.5 | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9) | 61.1% | 0.2151 |
Dibf | 7.2 | 5.4 (3.3, 8.0) | 94.4% | 8.7 | 6.0 (4.9, 14.1) | 83.3% | 0.8130 |
The total of all components | 41.3 | 35.2 (24.0, 48.5) | / | 61.8 | 44.0 (19.7, 66.8) | / | 0.2948 |
Variables | MT−COX1 | MT−COX2 | MT−COX3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SD | p-Value | β | SD | p-Value | β | SD | p-Value | |
Nap−2 | 0.688 | 0.555 | 0.243 | 0.680 | 0.817 | 0.424 | 0.089 | 0.142 | 0.213 |
Dibf | 0.008 | 0.095 | 0.934 | −0.255 | 0.147 | 0.105 | 0.058 | 0.028 | 0.545 |
Flo | 0.126 | 0.185 | 0.508 | −0.083 | 0.251 | 0.745 | 0.115 | 0.042 | 0.016 * |
Phe | 0.088 | 0.063 | 0.188 | 0.091 | 0.092 | 0.337 | 0.036 | 0.015 | 0.037 * |
Ant | 0.831 | 0.105 | 0.000 * | 1.893 | 1.364 | 0.199 | 0.192 | 0.232 | 0.430 |
Flu | 0.270 | 0.208 | 0.215 | 0.365 | 0.342 | 0.303 | 0.064 | 0.070 | 0.372 |
Pyr | −0.022 | 0.067 | 0.744 | 0.046 | 0.122 | 0.711 | 0.018 | 0.023 | 0.457 |
The total of all components | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.590 | 0.015 | 0.027 | 0.606 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.245 |
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Jia, Y.; Li, W.; Li, Y.; Zhao, L.; Li, C.; Wang, L.; Fang, J.; Song, S.; Ji, Y.; Fang, T.; et al. The Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Plasma and Their Effect on Mitochondrial DNA Methylation in the Oilfield Workers. Toxics 2023, 11, 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050466
Jia Y, Li W, Li Y, Zhao L, Li C, Wang L, Fang J, Song S, Ji Y, Fang T, et al. The Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Plasma and Their Effect on Mitochondrial DNA Methylation in the Oilfield Workers. Toxics. 2023; 11(5):466. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050466
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia, Yaning, Weixia Li, Yanlin Li, Lei Zhao, Chenguang Li, Lei Wang, Junkai Fang, Shanjun Song, Yaqin Ji, Tao Fang, and et al. 2023. "The Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Plasma and Their Effect on Mitochondrial DNA Methylation in the Oilfield Workers" Toxics 11, no. 5: 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050466