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Volume 11
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10.3390/toxics11020150
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Case Report

Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China

by
Yan-Jie Han
1,2,
Rui-Ze Liang
2,3,
Hai-Song Li
2,4,
Yang-Guang Gu
1,2,5,*,
Shi-Jun Jiang
5,6 and
Xiang-Tian Man
2,7
1
College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
3
School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
4
College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
5
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
6
College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 245700, China
7
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2023, 11(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020150
Submission received: 5 January 2023 / Revised: 30 January 2023 / Accepted: 30 January 2023 / Published: 3 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
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Abstract

The occurrence, multi-index assessment, and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were investigated. Average heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) were 81.89 (Cr), 770.76 (Mn), 16.81 (Co), 62.25 (Ni), 96.30 (Cu), 162.04 (Zn), and 73.40 (Pb), with the concentrations of studied seven heavy metals being significantly higher than their corresponding background values. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were implemented to assess degree of heavy metal contamination. The Igeo and PLI indicated that Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb were slightly polluted, and Cu and Ni were moderately polluted in the region. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and mean possible effect level (PEL) quotient were conducted to assess ecological risk. The RI and mean PEL quotient demonstrated that surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were slight ecological risks and exhibited a 21% probability of toxicity. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the correlation analysis (CA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HAC) revealed that the heavy metal contamination in Zhelin Bay might originate from three type sources.
Keywords: heavy metals; sediments; risk assessment; contamination; Zhelin Bay heavy metals; sediments; risk assessment; contamination; Zhelin Bay
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MDPI and ACS Style

Han, Y.-J.; Liang, R.-Z.; Li, H.-S.; Gu, Y.-G.; Jiang, S.-J.; Man, X.-T. Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China. Toxics 2023, 11, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020150

AMA Style

Han Y-J, Liang R-Z, Li H-S, Gu Y-G, Jiang S-J, Man X-T. Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China. Toxics. 2023; 11(2):150. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020150

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han, Yan-Jie, Rui-Ze Liang, Hai-Song Li, Yang-Guang Gu, Shi-Jun Jiang, and Xiang-Tian Man. 2023. "Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China" Toxics 11, no. 2: 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020150

APA Style

Han, Y.-J., Liang, R.-Z., Li, H.-S., Gu, Y.-G., Jiang, S.-J., & Man, X.-T. (2023). Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China. Toxics, 11(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020150

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