Negligible Toxicokinetic Differences of Glyphosate by Different Vehicles in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Vehicles
2.3. Animal Study
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. Calibration Standards
2.6. Accuracy and Precision at LLOQ
2.7. Sample Preparation and Analysis
2.8. Toxicokinetic Parameter
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Linearity of Calibration Standards
3.2. Accuracy and Precision at LLOQ
3.3. Toxicokinetics of Glyphosate
3.4. Glyphosate Concentrations in Organ
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Glyphosate | AMPA | |
---|---|---|
IUPAC Name 1 | 2-(Phosphonomethylamino) acetic acid | Aminomethylphosphonic acid |
CAS NO. 2 | 1071-83-6 | 1066-51-9 |
Empirical formula | C3H8NO5P | CH6NO3P |
Structural formula | ||
MW 3 | 169.07 g/mol | 111.04 g/mol |
Log Pow 4 | −3.4 | −4.7 |
Solubility | 5 to 10 mg/mL at 64° F In water, 10.5 g/L in water at pH 1.9 and 20 °C | - |
Synonyms | N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine Roundup® | 1-Aminomethylphosphonic acid Aminomethanephosphonic acid |
Parameter | DW | 15% POEA | 15% Tween 20 |
---|---|---|---|
T1/2 (h) | 7.42 ± 2.84 | 11.67 ± 4.33 | 7.60 ± 5.26 |
Tmax (h) | 3.60 ± 2.20 | 0.30 ± 0.11 * | 2.80 ± 1.78 |
Cmax (μg/mL) | 12.14 ± 5.19 | 12.78 ± 1.19 | 17.82 ± 2.89 |
AUCall (μg∙h/mL) | 95.50 ± 12.62 | 75.70 ± 22.33 | 123.26 ± 32.78 |
AUCinf (μg∙h/mL) | 111.31 ± 12.01 | 101.25 ± 57.02 | 146.04 ± 55.16 |
Vd (L/kg) | 4.71 ± 1.53 | 7.95 ± 0.65 * | 3.71 ± 1.66 |
CL (mL/min/kg) | 0.45 ± 0.05 | 0.60 ± 0.25 | 0.38 ± 0.15 |
N | Liver | Kidney | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DW | 15% POEA | 15% Tween 20 | DW | 15% POEA | 15% Tween 20 | |
1 | 0.92 | 1.68 | 0.52 | 4.60 | 9.48 | 5.24 |
2 | 0.75 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 8.84 | 7.45 | 5.83 |
3 | 0.83 | 1.37 | 0.92 | 5.32 | 8.50 | 5.96 |
4 | 0.71 | 1.11 | 0.86 | 7.24 | 4.20 | 5.71 |
5 | - 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | - 1 | 5.08 | 3.42 |
Mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 1.24 ± 0.29 * | 0.85 ± 0.21 | 6.5 ± 1.92 | 6.94 ± 2.24 | 5.23 ± 1.05 |
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Kim, Y.-J.; Nitin, N.; Kim, K.-B. Negligible Toxicokinetic Differences of Glyphosate by Different Vehicles in Rats. Toxics 2023, 11, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010067
Kim Y-J, Nitin N, Kim K-B. Negligible Toxicokinetic Differences of Glyphosate by Different Vehicles in Rats. Toxics. 2023; 11(1):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010067
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Yu-Jin, Nitin Nitin, and Kyu-Bong Kim. 2023. "Negligible Toxicokinetic Differences of Glyphosate by Different Vehicles in Rats" Toxics 11, no. 1: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010067
APA StyleKim, Y. -J., Nitin, N., & Kim, K. -B. (2023). Negligible Toxicokinetic Differences of Glyphosate by Different Vehicles in Rats. Toxics, 11(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010067