Do Consumers Change Their Perception of Liking, Expected Satiety, and Healthiness of a Product If They Know It Is a Ready-to Eat Meal?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ready-to-Eat Meals
2.2. Consumer Tests
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Consumer Liking
3.2. Effect of Evaluation Condition on the Liking Scores
3.3. Effect of Evaluation Conditions on Expected Satiety
3.4. Effect of Evaluation Conditions on Healthiness Perception
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Product | Nutrition Facts (per 100 g of product) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (kcal) | Fat (g) | Saturated Fat (g) | Carbohydrates (g) | Free Sugars (g) | Fibre (g) | Protein (g) | Salt (g) | |
Pasta | 129 | 7.2 | 3 | 11.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 4.3 | 1.3 |
Meatballs | 118 | 5.5 | 1.7 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 1 | 9.9 | 1.7 |
Salad | 181 | 10.9 | 5.5 | 12.6 | 4.05 | 1.8 | 6.8 | 0.9 |
Beans | 142 | 8.3 | 3.1 | 7.9 | 0.7 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 0.9 |
Sandwich | 186 | 10 | 2 | 20 | 3.3 | - | 4.6 | 0.8 |
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Meal | List of Ingredients | Packaging Material | Images on the Pack |
---|---|---|---|
Pasta | Pasta, carbonara sauce *, onion, smoked bacon ** | White plastic tray cover with opaque plastic film inside cardboard envelope | Pasta served on a dish |
* Carbonara sauce ingredients: Water, cream powder (dairy), sunflower oil, salt, modified corn starch, flavour (dairy), smoke flavour, stabiliser (xanthan gum), natural flavour, white pepper, and soy lecithin ** Smoked bacon ingredients: Bacon pork, water, salt, sugar, stabiliser (e-451), antioxidant (e-316), aroma of natural smoke, and spices | |||
Meatballs | Pork Meatballs *, tomato sauce **, vegetables [potato, peas, carrot, onion, mushroom] | White plastic tray cover with opaque plastic film inside cardboard envelope | Meatballs served on a dish |
* Meatball ingredients: Lean pork, water, white breadcrumbs (wheat flour (gluten), water, salt, and yeast), egg, salt, onion, garlic, and parsley ** Tomato sauce ingredients: Tomato, water, wine, sugar, modified corn starch, olive oil, natural flavour (gluten and soy), salt and, black pepper | |||
Salad | Curly escarole, radicchio, canon, Modena and honey sauce *, bacon **, onion ***, gouda, cheddar cheeses | Transparent plastic tray | No images presented, but the salad ingredients can be seen through the packaging |
* Modena and honey sauce: Water, sugar, Modena balsamic vinegar (5%), honey (3%), colouring (E150c), salt, sunflower oil, acidifier (E260), stabiliser (E415), preservative (E202) ** Bacon: Pork belly, salt, sugar, corn dextrose, flavourings, stabilisers (E451, E407), flavour enhancer (E621), antioxidant (E316, E331), preservative (E250), coating agent (edible gelatin, E200), frying oil (sunflower), and antioxidants (E320, E321) *** Onion (7%): Onion, vegetable oil (palm), wheat flour, salt. Toasted wheat bread cubes: wheat flour (86%), vegetable oil (sunflower), dextrose, wheat gluten, yeast, salt, buttermilk, barley malt extract, and antioxidant (ascorbic acid) | |||
Beans | Beans, water, chorizo *, black pudding **, smoked bacon ***, pig lard, salt | Tin can | Beans served on a traditional casserole-like dish |
* Chorizo: Lean meat, chin and smoked pork belly, salt, paprika, and garlic ** Black pudding: Pig lard, pig chin and smoked bacon, blood and lean pork meat, onion, paprika, salt, and oregano *** Smoked bacon: Pork belly, salt, and natural smoke | |||
Sandwich | Bread *, tomato, lettuce, mayonnaise, hard-boiled egg, soybean oil, water, EGG yolk, vinegar, sugar, salt, starch, flavour, concentrated lemon juice, antioxidant E-385, colourants (paprika extract, E-160a) | Transparent plastic film and black plastic triangle | No images presented, but the sandwich and filling can be seen through the package |
* Bread ingredients: wheat flour, water, yeast, sunflower oil, sugar, salt, WHEAT gluten, preservatives (E-282, E-200, E-202), starch, and soya flour |
Meatballs | Salad | Beans | |
Pasta | Sandwich | ||
Product | Scenario | ||
---|---|---|---|
Meal-Photo * | Pack * | Tasting-Pack * | |
Pasta | 7.1 (1.5) a | 6.6 (1.9) a,b | 6.1 (2.3) b |
Meatballs | 6.2 (2.1) b,c | 5.7 (2.0) b,c | 5.3 (2.1) b |
Salad | 7.5 (1.6) a | 6.8 (2.0) a | 7.4 (1.5) a |
Beans | 5.8 (2.3) c | 4.7 (2.3) d | 6.0 (2.3) b |
Sandwich | 7.0 (1.8) a,b | 5.6 (2.3) c,d | 5.9 (2.2) b |
Product | Condition | ||
---|---|---|---|
Meal-Photo * | Pack * | Tasting + Pack * | |
Pasta | 5.3 (1.0) a | 5.7 (1.0) a | 5.6 (0.9) a,b |
Meatball | 5.4 (1.1) a | 5.5 (1.1) a | 5.8 (1.3) b |
Salad | 4.0 (1.2) b | 3.9 (1.3) b | 4.0 (1.4) c |
Beans | 6.0 (1.1) a | 5.7 (1.3) a | 6.1 (0.9) a |
Sandwich | 3.5 (1.1) c | 3.9 (1.3) b | 3.9 (1.0) c |
Product | Condition | ||
---|---|---|---|
Meal-photo * | Pack * | Tasting Pack * | |
Pasta | 5.4 (1.9) c | 4.8 (1.9) b,c | 4.7 (2.0) c |
Meatball | 5.4 (2.2) c | 4.7 (1.6) c | 5.6 (2.0) b |
Salad | 8.2 (1.1) a | 7.1 (2.0) a | 7.9 (1.5) a |
Beans | 5.9 (2.4) b | 5.6 (2.0) b | 6.2 (2.1) b |
Sandwich | 6.1 (2.0) b | 4.8 (2.1) b,c | 6.1 (2.1) b |
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Laguna, L.; Gómez, B.; Garrido, M.D.; Fiszman, S.; Tarrega, A.; Linares, M.B. Do Consumers Change Their Perception of Liking, Expected Satiety, and Healthiness of a Product If They Know It Is a Ready-to Eat Meal? Foods 2020, 9, 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091257
Laguna L, Gómez B, Garrido MD, Fiszman S, Tarrega A, Linares MB. Do Consumers Change Their Perception of Liking, Expected Satiety, and Healthiness of a Product If They Know It Is a Ready-to Eat Meal? Foods. 2020; 9(9):1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091257
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaguna, Laura, Beatriz Gómez, María D. Garrido, Susana Fiszman, Amparo Tarrega, and María B. Linares. 2020. "Do Consumers Change Their Perception of Liking, Expected Satiety, and Healthiness of a Product If They Know It Is a Ready-to Eat Meal?" Foods 9, no. 9: 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091257