Ultra-High Hydrostatic Pressure Pretreatment on White Que Zui Tea: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Materials and Treatment
2.3. Extraction of Different Phenolic Fractions
2.4. UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of WQT
2.5. Determination of the Content of Total Phenolics (TPC) and Total Flavonoids (TFC)
2.6. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP Assays
2.6.1. DPPH Assay
2.6.2. ABTS Antioxidant Assay
2.6.3. Determination of Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)
2.7. Intracellular Antioxidant Assay
2.7.1. Cytotoxic Test
2.7.2. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species
2.7.3. Evaluation of SOD, CAT Activities, and GSH Content
2.8. Determination of Cellular Apoptosis Assay
2.9. Determination of NO Level and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Chemical Constituents in WQT
3.2. The Contents of Total Phenolics (TPC) and Total Flavonoids (TFC) in Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.3. Antioxidant Activities of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.3.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Abilities of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.3.2. ABTS Radical Scavenging Abilities of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.3.3. FRAP Evaluation of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.4. Intracellular Antioxidant Activities of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.4.1. Inhibitory Effect on ROS Production
3.4.2. Effects of Different Phenolics Fractions on Cellular SOD, CAT Activities, and GSH Level
3.5. Inhibitory Effect on H2O2-Induced Cell Apoptosis of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.6. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Different Phenolic Fractions from WQT
3.7. PCA Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABTS | 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) |
CAT | Catalase |
DCFH-DA | 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate |
DMEM | dulbecco′s modified eagle′s medium |
DPPH | 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical |
DXM | Dexamethasone |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
GSH | Glutathione |
IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
TPTZ | 1,3,5-tri(2-pyridyl)-2,4,6-triazine |
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Zhang, X.; Li, M.; Zhen, L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Qin, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, T.; Cao, J.; Liu, Y.; et al. Ultra-High Hydrostatic Pressure Pretreatment on White Que Zui Tea: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Foods 2023, 12, 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030628
Zhang X, Li M, Zhen L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Cao J, Liu Y, et al. Ultra-High Hydrostatic Pressure Pretreatment on White Que Zui Tea: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Foods. 2023; 12(3):628. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030628
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiaoyu, Mengcheng Li, Li Zhen, Yudan Wang, Yifen Wang, Yuyue Qin, Zhihong Zhang, Tianrui Zhao, Jianxin Cao, Yaping Liu, and et al. 2023. "Ultra-High Hydrostatic Pressure Pretreatment on White Que Zui Tea: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities" Foods 12, no. 3: 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030628