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10.3390/foods11233902
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Article

Green/Roasted Coffee and Silverskin Extracts Inhibit Sugar Absorption by Human Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells by Decreasing GLUT2 Gene Expression

by
Juliana A. Barreto Peixoto
1,
Nelson Andrade
1,2,
Susana Machado
1,
Anabela S. G. Costa
1,
Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
1,
Fátima Martel
2,3 and
Rita C. Alves
1,*
1
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
2
Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
3
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2022, 11(23), 3902; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233902
Submission received: 29 September 2022 / Revised: 26 November 2022 / Accepted: 30 November 2022 / Published: 3 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Extraction Processes and Functional Properties of Coffee and Coffee By-Products)
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Abstract

Moderate coffee ingestion has been associated with a decrease in type 2 diabetes risk, mainly due to its richness in chlorogenic acids (CGA). To explore this, extracts of green beans, roasted beans, and silverskin were prepared by aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterized by a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD). The effects on the uptake of glucose and fructose by human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells and the influence on the expression of sugar transporter genes (by RT-qPCR) were investigated and compared. The uptake of 3H-deoxy-D-glucose and 14C-fructose by Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced by all the extracts, with green coffee (which also contained higher amounts of CGA) achieving the highest efficiency. Although silverskin presented the lowest amounts of CGA and caffeine, it promoted an inhibitory effect similar to the effects of green/roasted beans. In the case of glucose uptake, the effect was even higher than for roasted coffee. This activity is explained by the ability of the extracts to markedly decrease GLUT2, but not GLUT5 gene expression. In addition, a decrease in SGLT1 gene expression was also found for all extracts, although not at a statistically significant rate for silverskin. This study also revealed a synergistic inhibitory effect of caffeine and 5-CQA on the uptake of sugars. Thus, silverskin appears as an interesting alternative to coffee, since the valorization of this by-product also contributes to the sustainability of the coffee chain.
Keywords: coffee; by-product; ultrasound extraction; 5-caffeoylquinic acid; caffeine; chromatography; Caco-2 cells; sugar uptake; glucose; fructose; gene expression coffee; by-product; ultrasound extraction; 5-caffeoylquinic acid; caffeine; chromatography; Caco-2 cells; sugar uptake; glucose; fructose; gene expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Peixoto, J.A.B.; Andrade, N.; Machado, S.; Costa, A.S.G.; Oliveira, M.B.P.P.; Martel, F.; Alves, R.C. Green/Roasted Coffee and Silverskin Extracts Inhibit Sugar Absorption by Human Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells by Decreasing GLUT2 Gene Expression. Foods 2022, 11, 3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233902

AMA Style

Peixoto JAB, Andrade N, Machado S, Costa ASG, Oliveira MBPP, Martel F, Alves RC. Green/Roasted Coffee and Silverskin Extracts Inhibit Sugar Absorption by Human Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells by Decreasing GLUT2 Gene Expression. Foods. 2022; 11(23):3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233902

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peixoto, Juliana A. Barreto, Nelson Andrade, Susana Machado, Anabela S. G. Costa, Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, Fátima Martel, and Rita C. Alves. 2022. "Green/Roasted Coffee and Silverskin Extracts Inhibit Sugar Absorption by Human Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells by Decreasing GLUT2 Gene Expression" Foods 11, no. 23: 3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233902

APA Style

Peixoto, J. A. B., Andrade, N., Machado, S., Costa, A. S. G., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., Martel, F., & Alves, R. C. (2022). Green/Roasted Coffee and Silverskin Extracts Inhibit Sugar Absorption by Human Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells by Decreasing GLUT2 Gene Expression. Foods, 11(23), 3902. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233902

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