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Volume 11
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10.3390/foods11203304
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Review

Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review

by
Alaa Abou Dib
1,2,
Jean Claude Assaf
1,
André El Khoury
1,*,
Sami El Khatib
2,
Mohamed Koubaa
3 and
Nicolas Louka
1
1
Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Mar Roukos, Matn 1104-2020, Lebanon
2
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Facuty of Arts and Sciences, Bekaa Campus, Lebanese International University, Khiyara, Bekaa 1108, Lebanon
3
TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM—CS 60319, CEDEX, 60203 Compiègne, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2022, 11(20), 3304; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11203304
Submission received: 12 September 2022 / Revised: 14 October 2022 / Accepted: 19 October 2022 / Published: 21 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Contaminant Components: Source, Detection, Toxicity and Removal)
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Abstract

Mycotoxins in solid foods and feeds jeopardize the public health of humans and animals and cause food security issues. The inefficacy of most preventive measures to control the production of fungi in foods and feeds during the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages incited interest in the mitigation of these mycotoxins that can be conducted by the application of various chemical, physical, and/or biological treatments. These treatments are implemented separately or through a combination of two or more treatments simultaneously or subsequently. The reduction rates of the methods differ greatly, as do their effect on the organoleptic attributes, nutritional quality, and the environment. This critical review aims at summarizing the latest studies related to the mitigation of mycotoxins in solid foods and feeds. It discusses and evaluates the single and combined mycotoxin reduction treatments, compares their efficiency, elaborates on their advantages and disadvantages, and sheds light on the treated foods or feeds, as well as on their environmental impact.
Keywords: mycotoxins; mitigation treatments; decontamination rates; single treatments; combined treatments mycotoxins; mitigation treatments; decontamination rates; single treatments; combined treatments
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MDPI and ACS Style

Abou Dib, A.; Assaf, J.C.; El Khoury, A.; El Khatib, S.; Koubaa, M.; Louka, N. Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review. Foods 2022, 11, 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11203304

AMA Style

Abou Dib A, Assaf JC, El Khoury A, El Khatib S, Koubaa M, Louka N. Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review. Foods. 2022; 11(20):3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11203304

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abou Dib, Alaa, Jean Claude Assaf, André El Khoury, Sami El Khatib, Mohamed Koubaa, and Nicolas Louka. 2022. "Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review" Foods 11, no. 20: 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11203304

APA Style

Abou Dib, A., Assaf, J. C., El Khoury, A., El Khatib, S., Koubaa, M., & Louka, N. (2022). Single, Subsequent, or Simultaneous Treatments to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Solid Foods and Feeds: A Critical Review. Foods, 11(20), 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11203304

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