Production and Characterization of Gelatin Biomaterials Based on Agave Microfibers and Bentonite as Reinforcements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Biofilm Formulations
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Filmogenic Solutions
2.3.2. Biofilm Elaboration by the Casting Method
2.3.3. Surface and Cross-Section Characterization of the Biofilms by SEM
2.3.4. Detection and Analysis of Functional Groups in the Biofilms by FTIR
2.3.5. Determination of the Soluble Matter
2.3.6. Determination of Moisture Content
2.3.7. X-ray Diffraction
2.3.8. Barrier Properties NY
2.3.9. Mechanical Properties
2.3.10. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.3.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface and Cross-Sectional Characterization
3.2. Detection and Analysis of Functional Groups
3.3. Determination of Soluble Matter in Aqueous Solution and Moisture Content
3.4. Thickness
3.5. Crystallinity and Amorphous Matter
3.6. Barrier Properties
3.7. Mechanical Properties
3.8. Thermogravimetric Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biofilms | (g/100 g Total) of Each Component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MF | BN | GL | GLY | DW | |
F1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 94.0 |
F2 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 69.5 | 29.0 | 94.0 |
F3 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 68.5 | 28.0 | 94.0 |
F4 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 67.5 | 27.0 | 94.0 |
F5 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 69.5 | 29.0 | 94.0 |
F6 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 68.5 | 28.0 | 94.0 |
F7 | 0.0 | 5.5 | 67.5 | 27.0 | 94.0 |
F8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 68.0 | 29.0 | 94.0 |
F9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 65.0 | 28.0 | 94.0 |
F10 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 62.0 | 27.0 | 94.0 |
Wavenumber (cm−1) | Vibration Type | Characteristic Vibration Mode For: | Sample |
---|---|---|---|
3298 | Stretching | Amide-A (N-H)/OH | F1–F10 |
2929 | Stretching | Amide-B (N-H) | F1–F10 |
1635 | Stretching | Amide I (C = O, C-N) | F1–F10 |
1550 | Bending | Amide II (N-H, C-N) | F1–F10 |
1448 | Deformation | C-H | F1–F10 |
1369 | Bending | C-H- Cellulose | F2–F4, F8–F10 |
1236 | Stretching | Amide III (N-H, C-N) | F1–F10 |
1090 | Bending | C-O, C-C | F2–F4, F8–F10 |
1035 | Bending Stretching | C-O, C-C Si-O | F2–C4, F8–F10 F5–F10 |
922 | Deformation Bending | C-H, OH Al-Al-OH | F2–F4, F8–F10 F5–F10 |
850 | Deformation | OH | F1–F10 |
Sample | Thickness (μm) |
---|---|
F1 | 110.0 ± 2.6 a |
F2 | 100.0 ± 1.4 ab |
F3 | 100.0 ± 7.8 ab |
F4 | 80.0 ± 5.7 bc |
F5 | 90.0 ± 1.2 abc |
F6 | 80.0 ± 6.6 c |
F7 | 70.0 ± 1.6 cd |
F8 | 80.0 ± 1.6 c |
F9 | 70.0 ± 1.6 cd |
F10 | 60.0 ± 4.7 d |
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Ruiz-Martínez, I.G.; Rodrigue, D.; Arenas-Ocampo, M.L.; Camacho-Díaz, B.H.; Avila-Reyes, S.V.; Solorza-Feria, J. Production and Characterization of Gelatin Biomaterials Based on Agave Microfibers and Bentonite as Reinforcements. Foods 2022, 11, 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111573
Ruiz-Martínez IG, Rodrigue D, Arenas-Ocampo ML, Camacho-Díaz BH, Avila-Reyes SV, Solorza-Feria J. Production and Characterization of Gelatin Biomaterials Based on Agave Microfibers and Bentonite as Reinforcements. Foods. 2022; 11(11):1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111573
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuiz-Martínez, Isidra Guadalupe, Denis Rodrigue, Martha Lucía Arenas-Ocampo, Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz, Sandra Victoria Avila-Reyes, and Javier Solorza-Feria. 2022. "Production and Characterization of Gelatin Biomaterials Based on Agave Microfibers and Bentonite as Reinforcements" Foods 11, no. 11: 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111573