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Inorganics
Volume 13
Issue 10
10.3390/inorganics13100330
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Review

Use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds (NHCs) Under Sustainable Conditions—An Update

by
Abdelkarim El Qami
,
Adrien Kibongui-Fila
and
Sabine Berteina-Raboin
*
Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Inorganics 2025, 13(10), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13100330
Submission received: 31 August 2025 / Revised: 25 September 2025 / Accepted: 26 September 2025 / Published: 1 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings)
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Abstract

In this review, we focused on advances made over the last two decades in the field of catalysis using N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which can be used for metallic or non-metallic catalysis. We listed the advantages of these NHCs and their modes of action in various couplings. With regard to metal catalysis, we have focused here on palladium and nickel catalysis, and then we looked at their use without transition metals. The work mentioned, in this review, only concerns research carried out under sustainable conditions, both in terms of the types of reactions and reaction conditions used (solvents, quantities, accessibility, and easy purification).
Keywords: N-heterocyclic carbenes; sustainable conditions; catalysis; green solvents N-heterocyclic carbenes; sustainable conditions; catalysis; green solvents

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MDPI and ACS Style

El Qami, A.; Kibongui-Fila, A.; Berteina-Raboin, S. Use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds (NHCs) Under Sustainable Conditions—An Update. Inorganics 2025, 13, 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13100330

AMA Style

El Qami A, Kibongui-Fila A, Berteina-Raboin S. Use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds (NHCs) Under Sustainable Conditions—An Update. Inorganics. 2025; 13(10):330. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13100330

Chicago/Turabian Style

El Qami, Abdelkarim, Adrien Kibongui-Fila, and Sabine Berteina-Raboin. 2025. "Use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds (NHCs) Under Sustainable Conditions—An Update" Inorganics 13, no. 10: 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13100330

APA Style

El Qami, A., Kibongui-Fila, A., & Berteina-Raboin, S. (2025). Use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds (NHCs) Under Sustainable Conditions—An Update. Inorganics, 13(10), 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13100330

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