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Photonics
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/photonics12090875
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Analysis and Optimization of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity Structures for Gas Sensing

by
Yu Song
1,†,
Jiajia Quan
1,†,
Linying Li
2,
Jincheng Sun
2,
Xinyi Huang
2,
Zhili Meng
2,
Jun Zhang
1,
Zhongyu Cai
2,3,4,* and
Yong Wan
1,*
1
College of Physics Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
2
School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
3
School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
4
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Photonics 2025, 12(9), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090875
Submission received: 5 July 2025 / Revised: 7 August 2025 / Accepted: 26 August 2025 / Published: 29 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Photonic Crystals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The monitoring of gases and vapors using portable instruments is critical in a variety of fields, such as industrial and household safety, environmental monitoring, process control, and national security, owing to gas pollution. In this study, we design a portable and simple two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity sensor for detecting gases such as ammonia, methane, carbon monoxide, acetylene, ethylene, and ethane. The basic structure of the sensor consists of silicon rods arranged in a square lattice pattern in air. Waveguide input and output channels are realized by engineering line defects within the lattice structure. Moreover, the sensor’s performance is continuously optimized by adding point defects, introducing a ring cavity, and varying the radius of the dielectric rods in the microcavity. Using the transmission spectrum obtained from the output waveguide, the performance parameters of the gas sensor are calculated. Based on the simulation analysis, the optimized gas sensor exhibits excellent performance, achieving a sensitivity S of 932.43 nm/RIU and a quality factor Q of 2421.719.
Keywords: photonic crystal microcavity; gas sensor; transmission spectra; high sensitivity; quality factor photonic crystal microcavity; gas sensor; transmission spectra; high sensitivity; quality factor

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Song, Y.; Quan, J.; Li, L.; Sun, J.; Huang, X.; Meng, Z.; Zhang, J.; Cai, Z.; Wan, Y. Analysis and Optimization of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity Structures for Gas Sensing. Photonics 2025, 12, 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090875

AMA Style

Song Y, Quan J, Li L, Sun J, Huang X, Meng Z, Zhang J, Cai Z, Wan Y. Analysis and Optimization of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity Structures for Gas Sensing. Photonics. 2025; 12(9):875. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090875

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Yu, Jiajia Quan, Linying Li, Jincheng Sun, Xinyi Huang, Zhili Meng, Jun Zhang, Zhongyu Cai, and Yong Wan. 2025. "Analysis and Optimization of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity Structures for Gas Sensing" Photonics 12, no. 9: 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090875

APA Style

Song, Y., Quan, J., Li, L., Sun, J., Huang, X., Meng, Z., Zhang, J., Cai, Z., & Wan, Y. (2025). Analysis and Optimization of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity Structures for Gas Sensing. Photonics, 12(9), 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090875

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