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Photonics
Volume 12
Issue 5
10.3390/photonics12050522
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Communication

Numerical Study of Electric Field Enhancement in Inverted-Pyramid Gold Arrays with Tunable Spacing

by
Yaumalika Arta
1,2,3,
Iman Santoso
1,
Hao Chang
2,
Ying-Pin Tsai
3,
Fu-Li Hsiao
3,
Tsung-Shine Ko
4 and
Yang-Wei Lin
2,*
1
Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2
Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan
3
Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan
4
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(5), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050522
Submission received: 23 April 2025 / Revised: 16 May 2025 / Accepted: 18 May 2025 / Published: 21 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Nanomaterials for Photonics and Optoelectronics: Practical Applications and Advances)
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Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation of electric field enhancement in inverted-pyramidal gold (Au) array substrates, focusing on variable inter-pyramidal spacing for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. We conducted a series of finite element method (FEM) simulations to model the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields within plasmonic metasurfaces under 780 nm laser excitation. The results show that reducing the spacing between inverted pyramidal structures from 10 μm to 3.2 μm significantly increases the electric field intensity at both the tip and edge regions of the inverted-pyramidal Au structure, with maximum fields reaching 6.75 × 107 V/m. Experimental SERS measurements utilizing 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a Raman reporter support the simulation findings, indicating enhanced signal intensity in closely spaced configurations. These results confirm that geometric field concentration and plasmonic coupling are the dominant mechanisms responsible for SERS enhancement in these systems. This work provides a strategic framework for optimizing the geometry of plasmonic substrates to improve the sensitivity and reliability of SERS-based sensing platforms.
Keywords: surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); inverted-pyramidal gold arrays; localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR); plasmonic coupling; electromagnetic field simulation; finite element method (FEM); inter-pyramidal spacing; nanostructured metasurfaces surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); inverted-pyramidal gold arrays; localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR); plasmonic coupling; electromagnetic field simulation; finite element method (FEM); inter-pyramidal spacing; nanostructured metasurfaces
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MDPI and ACS Style

Arta, Y.; Santoso, I.; Chang, H.; Tsai, Y.-P.; Hsiao, F.-L.; Ko, T.-S.; Lin, Y.-W. Numerical Study of Electric Field Enhancement in Inverted-Pyramid Gold Arrays with Tunable Spacing. Photonics 2025, 12, 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050522

AMA Style

Arta Y, Santoso I, Chang H, Tsai Y-P, Hsiao F-L, Ko T-S, Lin Y-W. Numerical Study of Electric Field Enhancement in Inverted-Pyramid Gold Arrays with Tunable Spacing. Photonics. 2025; 12(5):522. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050522

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arta, Yaumalika, Iman Santoso, Hao Chang, Ying-Pin Tsai, Fu-Li Hsiao, Tsung-Shine Ko, and Yang-Wei Lin. 2025. "Numerical Study of Electric Field Enhancement in Inverted-Pyramid Gold Arrays with Tunable Spacing" Photonics 12, no. 5: 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050522

APA Style

Arta, Y., Santoso, I., Chang, H., Tsai, Y.-P., Hsiao, F.-L., Ko, T.-S., & Lin, Y.-W. (2025). Numerical Study of Electric Field Enhancement in Inverted-Pyramid Gold Arrays with Tunable Spacing. Photonics, 12(5), 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050522

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