Intermodal Fiber Interferometer with Spectral Interrogation and Fourier Analysis of Output Signals for Sensor Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theory
2.1. Principal Scheme and Basic Principles of Operation
- The duration of one optical frequency scan τscan should be small enough that, over the time interval of the τscan, the value of MMF elongation δL can be considered constant;
- The period of the scan sequence Tscan should be significantly shorter than the characteristic period of EFP (in accordance with the Nyquist criterion).
2.2. Basic Expressions and Physical Interpretation of STF
- Register the sequence of STF changes produced by the EFP;
- Perform the Fourier transform of each STF; select the spectral component Δtki corresponding to some pair of mode groups, and for this spectral component find the value of the argument;
- Determine the magnitude of the EFP by observing the change in the argument of the corresponding spectral component.
2.3. Numerical Simulation of the IFI with Spectral Interrogation and Fourier Analysis of Its Signals
3. Experimental Procedure
3.1. Experimental Setup
3.2. Experimental Results and Discussion
- Using a piezoceramic modulator, the MMF length was modulated according to the harmonic law (modulation frequency 0.5 Hz, magnitude from 0.1 to 220 μm).
- Sets of 10 STFs per second were recorded using the interrogator. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) was performed on each STF in real time, the result of which was the Fourier image of the STF.
- The phase change of the selected spectral component was determined (one of the 4 spectral components shown in Figure 8b). The value of the Fourier image argument for the selected spectral component was treated as the phase of the spectral component.
- A phase unwrap algorithm was used to obtain the continuous phase dependence on the magnitude of the EFP.
- The magnitude of the EFP was related to the magnitude of the phase change, so the phase change being the effect of the EFP can be considered as an IFI response.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Optical frequency ν0 (THz) | 193.41 |
Laser linewidth Δνa (GHz) | 0.5 |
Fiber core radius a (µm) | 25 |
Refractive index at the core axis n | 1.48 |
Relative difference of refractive indices Δ | 0.01 |
Profile parameter α | 2.065 |
Material dispersion parameter δ | 0.001 |
MMF length L (m) | 40 |
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Petrov, A.; Golovchenko, A.; Bisyarin, M.; Ushakov, N.; Kotov, O. Intermodal Fiber Interferometer with Spectral Interrogation and Fourier Analysis of Output Signals for Sensor Application. Photonics 2024, 11, 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050423
Petrov A, Golovchenko A, Bisyarin M, Ushakov N, Kotov O. Intermodal Fiber Interferometer with Spectral Interrogation and Fourier Analysis of Output Signals for Sensor Application. Photonics. 2024; 11(5):423. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050423
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrov, Aleksandr, Andrey Golovchenko, Mikhail Bisyarin, Nikolai Ushakov, and Oleg Kotov. 2024. "Intermodal Fiber Interferometer with Spectral Interrogation and Fourier Analysis of Output Signals for Sensor Application" Photonics 11, no. 5: 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050423