Separation of Serum and Plasma Proteins for In-Depth Proteomic Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Plasma vs. Serum
3. The Dynamic Range of Protein Concentration Problem
3.1. High-Abundance Protein Depletion
3.2. Low-Abundance Protein Enrichment
4. Electrophoresis for the Fractionation of Serum and Plasma Proteins
4.1. Two-Dimensional Gels Using Isoelectric Immobilized pH Gradients
4.2. Combining Two-Dimensional Gels with Chromatography
5. Chromatography for the Fractionation of Serum and Plasma Proteins
Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology
6. Other Separation Techniques for Characterizing the Serum/Plasma Proteome
Low Molecular Weight Fractionation
7. Applications
7.1. Biomarkers of Ectopic Pregnancy
7.2. Identification of a Novel Proatherogenic Peptide Hormone
8. Current Challenges in Serum and Plasma Proteomics
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plasma | Serum |
---|---|
Straw-colored | Clear, yellowish fluid |
Composed of serum and clotting factors | Blood without clotting factors |
Acquired by centrifuging blood to which an anticoagulant has been added | Acquire by centrifuging blood that has been allowed to clot for ~30 min |
Easier and faster to prepare | Takes longer and is more difficult to prepare |
Long shelf-life (i.e., up to ten years) | Shorter shelf life (i.e., a few months) |
Product | Manufacturer | Capture Agent | Captured Proteins |
---|---|---|---|
Albumin Depletion Kit | ThermoFisher Scientific | Antibody | Albumin |
High-Select HSA/Immunoglobulin Depletion Spin Columns | ThermoFisher Scientific | Antibodies | Albumin, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgD, and IgA |
High-Select Top14 Abundant Protein Depletion Spin Columns | ThermoFisher Scientific | Antibodies | Albumin, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, Alpha-1-Acid glycoprotein, Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Alpha-2-Macroglobulin, Apolipoproteins A-I, Fibrinogen, Haptoglobin, Transferrin |
Albumin/IgG Removal Kit | ThermoFisher Scientific | Cibacron Blue Dye and Protein A | Albumin and IgG |
Multiple Affinity Removal Column Human 14 | Agilent | Antibodies | albumin, IgG, antitrypsin, IgA, transferrin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, IgM, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, complement C3 and transthyretin |
ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG Removal Kit | Millipore Sigma | albumin-specific affinity resin and protein A | Albumin and IgG |
ProteoMiner Protein Enrichment | BioRad | Combinatorial library of hexapeptides | All proteins |
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Paul, J.; Veenstra, T.D. Separation of Serum and Plasma Proteins for In-Depth Proteomic Analysis. Separations 2022, 9, 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9040089
Paul J, Veenstra TD. Separation of Serum and Plasma Proteins for In-Depth Proteomic Analysis. Separations. 2022; 9(4):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9040089
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul, Joseph, and Timothy D. Veenstra. 2022. "Separation of Serum and Plasma Proteins for In-Depth Proteomic Analysis" Separations 9, no. 4: 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9040089